<p>The Henry Hirshfeld House and Cottage are two historic homes in downtown Austin, Texas, United States, originally inhabited by the prominent Hirshfeld family. The cottage, built in 1873, housed Henry and his wife Jennie until the larger house, designed by local architect John Andrewartha, was built in 1885. The homes have been well preserved and today house the Office of Governmental Relations for the Texas A&M University System. The buildings are located at 303 and 305 W. 9th Street. The buildings were added together to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Central Christian Church is a major church in downtown Austin, Texas affiliated with the Christian Church . Organized in 1847, it is one of the oldest congregations in the city.</p><br>
<p>The church has also been known as Christian Church of Austin. The current church building, featuring Romanesque Revival architecture, was completed in 1929. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text</h2><br>
<p>In 1847, eight years after the City of Austin was platted, ten members of the Disciples of Christ Brotherhood met to organize this congregation. Although early records of the church are scarce, it is known that regular worship services were being held in a local school building by 1852. The Christian Church of Austin, as the congregation originally was known, acquired its first property at Eighth and Colorado Streets and worshiped at that site until moving to this location in 1929. An early dispute over theological and procedural matters split the congregation in 1888. Until 1896, when the Rev. S. D. Dutcher was appointed pastor, leaders of the church were selected from among the laity. The fellowship adopted its current name during the early years of the twentieth century, after other Disciples of Christ congregations had been organized in Austin. Although much growth has occurred in the outlying sections of the city, Central Christian Church has remained a vital force in the downtown area. Its ministry has included the establishment of several other congregations. As one of the oldest churches in Austin, Central Christian has provided the city with significant service and leadership. (1985)</p><br>
<p>The Fischer House is a historic mansion in downtown Austin, Texas, United States, completed in 1882. Its builder, Joseph Fischer, was a prominent mason in Austin at the time, and its bold high Victorian era, Italianate architecture and ornamentation reflect his familys skill in the trade. The home was the Fischer familys residence and office, and remained in the family until its sale in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The home is located at 1008 West Avenue. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 16, 1982. The house was listed as a City of Austin Historic Landmark in 1978 as the Burlage-Fischer House.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel H. and William T. Caswell Houses are two historic homes in downtown Austin, Texas completed near the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are located at 1404 and 1502 West Avenue, respectively. The Daniel H. Caswell House is home to the Austin Junior Forum, a volunteer organization. The William T. Caswell House is used for office space. Both were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Texas Historical Commission Marker Text (Daniel H. Caswell House)</h2><br>
<p>Daniel H. Caswell came to Austin from Nashville, Tennessee, about 1895. He purchased a cotton oil manufacturing company, bought and sold cotton, and in 1899 built a cotton gin. When completed for his family in 1900, this house was located in the far northwest corner of the city. The Caswell house, which exhibits influences of late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Chateauesque style, features a corner turret and porches supported on rusticated piers. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1984</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple in Downtown Berkeley, California is a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is located at 2105 Bancroft Way at the corner of Shattuck Avenue, just one block west of the University of California, Berkeley. The Classical Revival style building, designed by William H. Wharff, was built in 1905. The building was built for Berkeley&#39;s Masons, who started a local lodge in 1882 and formed the Berkeley Masonic Temple Association to build the temple. In 1944, the building was converted to a bank. The ground floor of the building was unoccupied and the remaining floors were used by University staff, including the California Center for Innovative Transportation and the National Writing Project.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register on July 15, 1982.</p><br>
<p>After a full renovation in 2019, the building has taken on new tenants. As of April 2023, the ground floor is partially occupied by a yoga studio. Haas School of Business occupies the second floor, and the third and fourth floors were occupied by, a Berkeley-based frictionless checkout technology startup from 2019 until March 2024.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ecclesia  is the location of the international headquarters of the fraternal and service organization the Rosicrucian Fellowship , located on grounds in Oceanside, California. It is also the location of its spiritual temple, called The Ecclesia, situated upon the promontory of a high mesa overlooking the San Luis Rey River Valley and the Franciscan Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.</p><br>
<p>On April 7, 1995, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Rosicrucian Fellowship Temple.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<h3>The vision</h3><br>
<p>Mount Ecclesia was founded after Max Heindel, Founder of the Rosicrucian Fellowship (8/08/1909) reported to have conctact with an anonymous figure identified as one of the Elder Brothers of the Rose Cross known as "The Teacher",who instructed that a permanent headquarters be established to support the twin mission of the Organization: to spread the Rosicrucian teachings, (the deeper Esoteric Christian Mysteries); and to heal the sick (according to the spiritual method delineated by the Order of the Rose Cross). On the winter solstice of 1910 The Teacher gave Max Heindel a spiritual vision of the location through "Jupiter Consciousness/picture consciousness/spiritual vision/telepathy" with the mission to find it and start the work.</p><br>
<h3>Finding the location</h3><br>
<p>After months of unfruitful search along the Pacific coast between Los Angeles and San Diego California, the Heindels decided, on April 30, 1911, to go visit the famous Franciscan Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, founded in 1798 in Oceanside by Junipero Serra the Franciscan friar from Spain. On their way there by horse and buggy, they stumbled on the location matching the vision given earlier by The Teacher and discovered that the land was for sale. Mr. Heindel interrupted the trip to the Franciscan mission to return to the real estate office to buy the land. But the sign on the real estate office door said "Office closed to reopen on Wednesday May 3". On May 3, 1911, they returned with their friend Mr. Patterson to Oceanside to buy the land. Shortly after 3.00 pm (at 3.05 pm) Mr. Heindel signed the deed of purchase and secured it with a down payment. They went home to Ocean Park and the same evening Mr. Heindel named the property Mount Ecclesia.</p><br>
<h3>Groundbreaking</h3><br>
<p>It took them six months to get ready to leave their cottage in Ocean Park. They finally came down to fellowship&#39;s new headquarters on the 40 acres (about 16.19 hectares) land of Mount Ecclesia to dedicate it to the "Great Work of the Elder Brothers of the Rose Cross". The dedication ceremony was planned for 12.40 PM on October 28, 1911, in Oceanside, California.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ecclesia was launched that day, through a ceremony of ground-breaking which consisted in planting a large Cross with the initials C.R.C. — representing the symbolical name Christian Rose Cross, who is the Head of the Order of the Rose Cross (Rosicrucian Order) — painted in gilt letters on the trefoils of the three upper arms and with a climbing rose. An excerpt of the first-hand description of the mentioned event is as following :</p><br>
<h3>Construction of The Ecclesia</h3><br>
<p>The Ecclesia, the Healing Temple, was erected, for the purpose of affording more powerful means for the healing of disease, and dedicated on December 25, 1920. The project for the building of the Temple had started in 1914. Heindel, who died in 1919, did not live to see the Temple completed in 1920. His wife, Agusta Foss Heindel, remained active in civic engagement, promoting the Fellowship and working to beautify Oceanside until her death in 1949. Spiritual Healing meetings are held in this holy place at a regular time each day by the Probationers who have consecrated their lives to this work. The architect of the building was Lester A. Cramer.</p><br>
<p>As in all the solar temples, The Ecclesia portal is facing east (the rising sun). In front of the portal stand two palm trees. The portal is constituted by a triangular-shaped pediment upon two round columns. At the centre of the pediment, there is an equilateral triangle, symbol of Trinity, inscribed by "the eye of God."</p><br>
<p>The columns fuse Greek (Ionic, Doric and Corinthian) and Roman (Tuscan and composite) styles, each one with a capital crowned by a finial globe. There are three steps between the columns leading to the Temple entrance. At the Temple entrance there are two square pilasters, each showing two faces. The round 12-sided building architecture is composed by round arches and narrow round inward windows. Its great dome is composed by a cupola crowned by a golden globe with a finial of lights. The inner portal and the Temple&#39;s interior is ornamented with alchemical and astrological symbols. It is a solar temple dedicated to the coming Age of Aquarius.</p><br>
<p>On June 29, 1920 (from 11:55 A. M. until 12:02 P. M.), the vision of an event of Spiritual nature at ground&#39;s site was reported as following:</p><br>
<p>On July 23, 1920 (at noon), during the laying of the cornerstone in the north-eastern corner of the temple, the purpose of The Ecclesia was stated in accordance to the commands of Christ, namely, "Preach the gospel and heal the sick":</p><br>
<h2>Spiritual and healing services</h2><br>
<p>Nearly since its inception the Fellowship has been providing the service of spiritual healing; the first service took place on June 23, 1914. On December 25, 1938, the Rosicrucian Fellowship opened a Sanitarium building which was used for a number of years to treat patients with non-contagious diseases. Currently, the healing applications are received by the Fellowship&#39;s centers worldwide or directly by the healing department at Mount Ecclesia.</p><br>
<p>Over the years, the group built a number of structures on the property, including an administration building in 1913, a chapel in 1914, a guesthouse and healing center in 1938, and a business office and cottages in the 1960s and 1970s. Max Heindel, the founder of the Rosicrucian Fellowship, had a dream, yet to be concretized, of a beautiful Grecian theatre envisioned to be built in the canyon below the chapel and in which performances would be given of plays with a spiritual message and occult truths such as the great dramas of Shakespeare and other inspired classics; as well as of the Fellowship&#39;s own splendid orchestra composed of permanent students, that it would perform in the theatre works of master composers, particularly those of Beethoven and Wagner whom he knew to be high musical Initiates, and also that classes in initiatory music would be taught there.</p><br>
<p>The Fellowship runs its own printing press, established by Max Heindel in 1912, which is an area of great activity with hundreds of products being produced: printing the ephemerides, the books (with millions spread worldwide), most of the course materials sent to the members, the periodical Echoes from Mount Ecclesia (which became the Rays from The Rosy Cross in July 1915), the pamphlets (in six languages) that are distributed freely to people and many other various things, such as flyers, brochures, postcards, posters, etc., that are necessary for the diffusion of the Rosicrucian Christian teachings, the Gospel of the coming Age of Aquarius. The organization generated so much mail that the federal government built the city&#39;s first post office on Seagaze Drive in 1936 to keep up with the demand.</p><br>
<p>The historic district of Mount Ecclesia, home to the Rosicrucian Fellowship, is noted for its singular architecture and the preservation of nature grounds and gardens, offering a unique meditative walking experience. Accommodation and vegetarian meals are also provided during the winter and summer school activities.</p><br>
<h2>Financial model</h2><br>
<p>The Rosicrucian Fellowship observes the basic condition, set by its founder Max Heindel, that no price, membership dues or fees, should be put on its teachings, and never to ask for money for membership, for information, for education, nor for healing. The Fellowship has always balanced along the edge of the subsistence level with its funding and maintenance being achieved through the voluntary giving of members and friends, legacies, book-sale profits, housing rentals and cafeteria income and with the assistance of volunteer workers. By setting the example and through self-discipline, Mount Ecclesia seeks : «to unite and harmonize each with the others by teaching a religion that is both scientific and artistic, and to gather all churches into one great Christian Brotherhood.»</p><br>
<p>The Rosicrucians do not seek temporal power. They seek to serve God by helping their suffering fellowmen. A place of training for the work is beautifully attained in Mount Ecclesia, and now THE ECCLESIA, the TEMPLE OF HEALING, is being built by the loving free-will offerings of friends who give not money alone but personal service and prayers. This method of building is a little new and somewhat slow in these days, as it is not permitted to call out to the world for funds or labor. Each offering must come as a result of the inner promptings of the HEART. Christ&#39;s stronghold.</p><br>
<p>The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic property in Anoka County, Minnesota. It is located at 2332 Swedish Drive in Ham Lake, Minnesota. The Late Victorian style church was built in 1872 to the design of architect Per August Gustafson. The church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is owned and maintained by the congregation of Our Saviours Lutheran Church of East Bethel, Minnesota and is also known as Our Saviours Lutheran Church of Ham Lake. Both churches are affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The following is the text of a plaque hanging on the front of the church. It was placed there as part of an Eagle Scout project in the spring of 2005. It provides an accurate portrayal of the history of the church which was collected from personal accounts and the Anoka County historical records.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, the churchs congregation moved to another facility however the church is used for worship purposes at various times of the year. The congregation now refers to the chapel Our Saviours Chapel.</p><br>
<p>The James J. Hill House in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, was built by railroad magnate James J. Hill. The house, completed in 1891, is near the eastern end of Summit Avenue near the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The house, for its time, was very large and was the "showcase of St. Paul" until James J. Hill&#39;s death in 1916. It is listed as a USA National Historic Landmark, operated by the Minnesota Historical Society. It is also a contributing property to the Historic Hill District.</p><br>
<p>The home has 36,000 ft&sup2; of living area and 44,552 ft&sup2; of total space.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hill bought three lots on Summit Avenue in 1882, during an era when wealthy citizens were scrambling to build fashionable homes in the neighborhood. The street offered a commanding view of downtown St. Paul and the Mississippi River area, making it a highly desirable location. The family previously lived in the Lowertown area in St. Paul, near Ninth and Canada streets. As new warehouses and railroad tracks crowded the Lowertown residential area, and as Hill&#39;s collection of paintings and sculpture overflowed the house, the Hill family thought it was desirable to move. Hill also realized that recent improvements in home technology, such as electric lighting, plumbing, ventilation, and fireproofing, could be incorporated into a new home. Moreover, since Hill was becoming a socially prominent person in the community, a new home would stand as a tribute to his status as the "Empire Builder".</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by an East Coast architectural firm, Peabody, Stearns and Furber, at a time when other homes in the neighborhood were designed by local architects such as Clarence Johnston and Cass Gilbert. The house was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, with a massive, rugged style featuring randomly sized blocks of stone, sturdy pillars, rounded arches, and a generally strong horizontal emphasis. Hill supervised the design and construction closely. As an example, when the Lewis Comfort Tiffany Company submitted designs for the stained glass windows, Hill replied that they were, "anything but what I want," and the job went to A.B. Cutter and Company of Boston. Later, in 1889, Hill fired the architects because they had overridden his orders to the stonecutters in Massachusetts, and hired the Boston firm of Irving and Casson to finish the project. The St. Paul Pioneer Press reviewed the house just before it was completed in 1891, writing:</p><br>
<p>Solid, substantial, roomy, and comfortable is the new home of James J. Hill and family.... There has been no attempt at display, no desire to flaunt an advertisement of wealth in the eyes of the world. Just a family home... impressive, fine, even grand in the simplicity of design, but after all a St. Paul home.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The interior features an art gallery that housed Hill&#39;s collection of painting and sculpture. It even had a pipe organ, installed after someone suggested to Hill that other wealthy people had pipe organs in their homes. The house had a hybrid system of gas and electric lighting, with rotary switches on the walls to turn on the electric lights. However, there were no electrical outlets installed, because during that era electricity was only used for lighting. The woodwork in the house is very intricate, with hand-carved woodworking in the central hallway, the formal dining room, and the music room. Other rooms in the house, particularly on the second floor where most of the family members lived, do not have hand carved woodwork, but the woodwork is still richly colored and nicely detailed. To go with the hand carved woodwork in the formal dining room, there was also gold leaf plate on the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The first floor, in addition to the art gallery, music room, hall, and formal dining room previously mentioned, also had a library, a drawing room, and Mr. Hills home office. The second floor contained Mr. and Mrs. Hills rooms, two guest rooms, and rooms for their five daughters, Gertrude, Rachel, Clara, Ruth, and Charlotte. The third floor contained rooms for their sons James, Walter, and Louis (who later succeeded his father as president of the Great Northern Railway). It also had a room that served as a gymnasium and school room for the children, as well as quarters for the servants.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>After James J. Hill died in 1916 and his wife died in 1921, the children eventually moved out. In 1925, four of the daughters purchased the house from the estate and donated it to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. The church used it for the next fifty-three years as space for offices, residences, and a teacher&#39;s college for women. The church preserved it well and did not make any significant alterations, although most of the original furniture was sold during this period. In 1961, the United States Department of the Interior designated the house a National Historic Landmark. The Minnesota Historical Society acquired the house in 1978, after the Archdiocese consolidated its offices elsewhere. The house has been restored and is now open for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Wick Park Historic District is a historic neighborhood on the north side of Youngstown, Ohio, with Wick Park as its centerpiece. During the first half of the 20th century, the residential district surrounding Wick Park included some of the city&#39;s most affluent neighborhoods. The district is "roughly bounded by 5th Ave, Park Ave, Elm St. and Broadway".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the era of industrialization, Youngstowns wealthiest business leaders and professionals migrated away from the downtown to the wooded areas near the citys northern border. These semi-suburban neighborhoods were secluded from the noisy activity of the citys steel mills and retail businesses. Wick Avenue is sometimes described as Youngstowns version of Euclid Avenue (Clevelands Millionaires Row), or Fifth Avenue in New York City: it was home to the community&#39;s most established families.</p><br>
<p>Although some of these mansions have survived, few are currently used for residential purposes. Youngstown State University, whose campus is located south of Wick Park, purchased several of these homes and renovated them for administrative use. One campus-area mansion now holds the Arms Family Museum of Local History.</p><br>
<h2>Surrounding features</h2><br>
<p>Running through the western portion of the district is Fifth Avenue, which is lined with stately homes that were built by members of the area&#39;s elite. The most well-preserved of these homes are located along the upper reaches of the street, near Gypsy Lane, in the North Heights neighborhood. On the western edge of Wick Park, on Fifth Avenue, stands the Neoclassical landmark Stambaugh Auditorium, which is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent landmark located south of the Wick Park Historic District is the former Pollock estate, which sits along the main artery of Wick Avenue. Restored and expanded in the 1980s, the mansion was turned into an upscale hotel known as the Wick-Pollock Inn. Since the hotels closure in the late 1990s, the university allowed the renovated structure to sit vacant. However, in February 2010, YSUs board of trustees voted to restore the home and designate it as the official residence of the university president. YSU students have led recent efforts to restore the historic sunken garden located behind the structure.</p><br>
<p>The George J. Renner, Jr. House, a house listed individually on the National Register, is also included in the district.</p><br>
<h2>Revitalization</h2><br>
<p>Wick Park occupies a central portion of the district and is maintained by the Youngstown Department of Parks and Recreation. A recent effort to revitalize the park is being led by a coalition of local organizations including the City of Youngstown, Youngstown CityScape, Youngstown State University, the Wick Park Neighborhood Association and Treez Please ().</p><br>
<p>Albion State Normal School was a public institution of higher learning the western United States, located in Albion, Idaho. Established by the Idaho Legislature in 1893, it was one of two normal schools in the state.  Citizens of Albion had actively lobbied for the school&#39;s establishment, and donated land and labor for the new campus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school remained a small institution throughout its history, focusing on the training of teachers and drawing its student body primarily from south-central Idaho. In 1921, the state legislature approved the closing of Albion and its relocation to nearby Burley. Albion Normal offered a two-year teacher training program until 1947, when it was renamed Southern Idaho College of Education (SICE) and authorized to confer baccalaureate degrees.</p><br>
<p>The school remained troubled by low enrollment and a lack of funding, and was finally closed by the state in 1951, as was its counterpart in northern Idaho, Lewiston&#39;s Northern Idaho College of Education (NICE). The academic programs at Albion were transferred to Idaho State College (now ISU) in Pocatello. Lewiston reopened in 1955 as Lewis–Clark Normal School and became LCSC in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The campus was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 1980. Its elevation is 4,750 ft above sea level. Swanger Hall on campus was built in 1893 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Albion State Normal School campus was featured on a season 15 episode of Ghost Adventures. GAC investigated Comish Hall, Miller Hall and the gymnasium building.</p><br>
<p>During its existence, Albion Normal awarded some 6,460 degrees. Perhaps its most notable alumnus was Terrel Bell (1921–1996), who served as Secretary of Education (1981–1984) in the original cabinet of President Ronald Reagan.</p><br>
<p>The college&#39;s athletic teams were known as the "Teachers" until 1935, when they became the "Panthers". School colors were cardinal and black, and the annual student yearbook was called The Sage.</p><br>
<h2>Later use</h2><br>
<p>After SICE closed in 1951, the campus remained vacant until 1957, when Magic Valley Christian College opened at the site; it closed twelve years later in 1969. The campus was deeded to the city of Albion the following year, which continued to maintain the grounds while alternative uses for the property were explored.</p><br>
<p>Finally in 2007, the empty and deteriorating property was sold at public auction on June 2; the Mortensen family were successful with a bid of $810,000. The new owners began rehabilitating a portion of the campus to serve as a conference and retreat center, called "Campus Grove at Albion" as of 2008., the facility is known as "Albion Campus Retreat", and also is home to seasonal tours branded as "Haunted Mansions of Albion".</p><br>
<p>Moores Creek Bridge is an historic single span reinforced concrete bridge located on North 2nd Street between Avenues B and C in Fort Pierce, Florida. Including run up, it is 46 feet long. It is known locally as the Tickle Tummy Bridge or Tickle Tummy Hill because of its high arch relative to its short length. On August 17, 2001, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1925 Moores Creek Bridge was built by the Luten Bridge Company of Palatka, Florida to connect a residential section of Fort Pierce to the downtown and waterfront districts. It replaced a previous wooden bridge and is one of 15 concrete arch bridges dating from Florida&#39;s early 20th century land-boom era.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was retrofitted in 1997 by the joint efforts of Fort Pierce Main Street, the City of Fort Pierce and the Florida Department of Transportation. It reopened on December 7, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Primrose Cottage is a historic residence in Roswell, Georgia. It was the first permanent private home in Roswell. The house was completed in 1839 for Roswell Kings recently widowed daughter, Eliza King Hand, and her children. Roswell King also moved into the house with his daughters family.</p><br>
<p>As of 2023, the house functions as an events&#39; facility.</p><br>
<p>It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing building in the Roswell Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Willis Ball designed and/or built it. He also designed or built at least three other properties in Roswell Historic District, including the Roswell Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>The home was purchased in 1853 by George H. Camp, Roswell’s first postmaster and successor to Barrington King as the president of the Roswell Manufacturing Company. Nap Rucker, a former major league pitcher with the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Mayor of Roswell in the 1930s, was also a resident.</p><br>
<p>Huntridge Theater, sometimes known as the Huntridge Performing Arts Theater, is a Streamline Moderne building located in Las Vegas, Nevada, that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by S. Charles Lee.</p><br>
<p>First opened as a cinema in 1944, the theater also hosted stage performances and was a concert venue throughout its lengthy history. In 2021, the Huntridge was bought after sitting abandoned for almost 17 years. The theater is expected to be fully remodeled and reopened to the public in the near future.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction began with a ground breaking announcement in the Las Vegas Review-Journal on April 6, 1944. The theater opened on October 10, 1944. with a press release boasting seating for 950, and state of the art projection equipment that is manufactured to 100,000th of an inch tolerance ("eliminating eye strain!"). It was operated by the Commonwealth Theater Company of Las Vegas, and later the Huntridge Theater Company of Las Vegas, headed by Thomas Oakey of Las Vegas. The theater was built on land which had been owned by the international business magnate Leigh S. J. Hunt, before he left it to his son Henry Leigh Hunt in 1933. The Huntridge Theater and the surrounding Huntridge subdivision are named after the Hunt family.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, Nevada Theater Corp., managed by Lloyd Katz, leased the Huntridge Theater and would de-segregate them in the coming years. Katz is warmly regarded by those growing up in the neighborhood for his 25-cent admission for children during Saturday morning Kiddie Matinee, featuring Disney movies, Roy Rogers westerns, and Looney Tunes animated shorts. In 1963, the Huntridge hosted the world premiere of the film Love Is a Ball.</p><br>
<p>The theater was purchased by Frank Silvaggio in 1977, and in November 1980 the theater was partitioned into a 2-screen theater. In 1992, Richard Lenz leases the theater, tears down the dividing wall and converts it into a live events hall: Huntridge Performing Arts Theater.</p><br>
<p>Lenz enlisted the help of preservationist Elizabeth von Till Warren who wrote the application placing the Huntridge theater on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. Questions raised by Warren during the application process, pertaining the mysterious origin story, the motivations of the developers of such a large theater, designed by a renowned architect, in a pre-Strip Las Vegas with a population of less than 14,000, how such construction could ever have been allowed during the strict wartime rationing of the Office of Price Administration and Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, and also the simultaneous re-naming of the adjoining street to Maryland Parkway, inspired her son Jonathan Warren to publish a complete investigation of theses origins in 2015. Dapper Companies utilized all the Warren research and more in successfully adding the Huntridge Theater to the City of Las Vegas Historic Register on September 1, 2021.</p><br>
<p>On July 28, 1995, the punk rock group Circle Jerks were to perform at the theater. Several hours before they were to arrive, the roof of the theater collapsed. There were no serious injuries. The lead singer, Keith Morris, later commented, "As soon as we got there, we were told that the roof had collapsed and the show was canceled. We didn&#39;t have anywhere else to go, so we just set up our equipment in the parking lot and played for the 30 or 40 people who were still there." The theater was built in 1944, amidst World War II, when steel was in high demand. As such the roof trusses were built with Douglas Fir pine, which baked in the Las Vegas heat for 50 years before ultimately collapsing.</p><br>
<p>While attempting to save the theater, it was operated by the non-profit Friends of the Huntridge Theatre, Inc., which was dissolved in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Huntridge Theater closed on July 31, 2004, almost 60 years after it opened.</p><br>
<p>The property was controlled by the Mizrachi family of Las Vegas, who owned a furniture store occupying a part of the property which used to house a bank.</p><br>
<p>In July 2012, a local non-profit organization called The Huntridge Foundation had been working to preserve the architectural integrity, history and culture of the Huntridge Theater and the surrounding community. Among other activities, the foundation conducted oral history interviews of longtime Las Vegans who experienced the theater when it was open, collected theater memorabilia and photographs for an historic archives collection to be donated to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Libraries Special Collections Department upon completion.</p><br>
<p>In April 2013, a potential redevelopment project started and the theater received new paint and exterior restoration. However, any future plans after that did not occur.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the State of Nevada sued Eli Mizrachi alleging “his group had breached grant provisions by failing to pay for maintenance work and by keeping the theater closed for years.” However, the case was settled in 2016.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 2021, the historic theatre was bought by Dapper Companies for $4 million. The founder of Dapper Companies, J Dapper, had been largely improving the surrounding area of the theatre. Dapper had been trying to acquire the Huntridge for almost a decade; but could not due to the legal issues that the Mizrachi family were facing. In a news release, the company stated that the project is to cost around $10 million and plans to finish within three years time.</p><br>
<p>On Friday, April 7, 2023, Dapper Companies held a public ceremony to relight the theaters deco-styled neon signage, allowing attendees to enter the theater to view a lobby photo exhibit representing some of the history of the theater, as well as enter the main performance space for additional photos and live musical performances. It was also announced that Soho Playhouse would act as the theaters operator and booking agent upon its reopening.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In 2015, a Las Vegas record label emerged with the name Huntridge Records, in order to commemorate the historic theater. The label is based in 11th Street Records, and it has signed one band, named The American Weather.</p><br>
<p>Fort Inge was a frontier fort in Uvalde County, Texas, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Established as Camp Leona on March 13, 1849, Fort Inge was garrisoned intermittently until March 19, 1869. The fort served as a base for United States Army troops assigned to protect the southern overland mail route along the San Antonio-El Paso Road from Indian raids. The camp was renamed Fort Inge in honor of Lieutenant Zebulon M. P. Inge, a West Point officer killed in the Mexican–American War. Other forts in the frontier fort system were Forts Griffin, Concho, Belknap, Chadbourne, Stockton, Davis, Bliss, Mason, McKavett, Clark, McIntosh, Richardson, and Phantom Hill in Texas, and Sill in Oklahoma. Also in the system were "subposts or intermediate stations", including Bothwick&#39;s Station on Salt Creek between Fort Richardson and Fort Belknap, Camp Wichita near Buffalo Springs between Fort Richardson and Red River Station, and Mountain Pass between Fort Concho and Fort Griffin.</p><br>
<p>Two wooden barracks with thatched roofs quartered the soldiers assigned to the fort. Also, a large limestone building served as commissary and later a hospital. The buildings at Ft. Inge were never sufficient for the troops stationed there, probably because this post was never determined by the Army to be a permanent post. It was started in 1849, but abandoned in the spring of 1851. It was reoccupied that same summer and occupied until 1855, when it was abandoned again. It was reoccupied a third time in 1856, but was abandoned in 1861 to Confederate States Army troops. It was again garrisoned briefly in 1865 by the 4th Wisconsin Cavalry.</p><br>
<p>The United States Army regarrisoned the fort until March 19, 1869, when the garrison was transferred to Fort McKavett. The army recovered materials from the site to use for additions to nearby Fort Clark. Fort Inge then was used as a camp by the Texas Rangers until 1884.</p><br>
<p>The fort was surrounded on three sides by a stacked stone wall added around the time of the Civil War. The wall was dismantled in 1874, and the stone was used to build a dam on the Leona River. The wall was relaid along its original lines in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte II was posted to Fort Inge in the early 1850s, and his letters from there are preserved by the Maryland Historical Society.</p><br>
<h3>Major Neighbors</h3><br>
<p>Robert Neighbors arrived at the fort on 7 April 1854, investigating Indian depredations, and found the raiding party consisted of 12 Tonkawas, two of whom were killed and nine turned over to the fort. Neighbors also freed the Lipan Chief Chiquito and his men from the guard house, and charged Indian Agent Howard with "dereliction of duty" for their false arrest and mismanagement of the Indian situation.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>In 1961, the site became the Fort Inge Historical Site County Park. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1985.Staff Writer.</p><br>
<p>National Register of Historic Places. Accessed April 17, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-04-17. The site is located on the Leona River, and is dominated by the 140-ft-high (43 m) remains of an extinct volcano named Mount Inge.</p><br>
<p>Summit Lake Park is a park located along Mount Blue Sky Scenic Byway about 64 miles  west of Denver, Colorado. The park is 160 acres  in size and contains alpine tundra. Land to the east of the lake is in a state of permafrost which helps to prevent drainage of the area. During the summer, the park is filled with wildflowers, some of which have not been found anywhere else outside of the Arctic Circle. The park is named after Summit Lake, the headwaters of Bear Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Summit Lake</h2><br>
<p>Summit Lake is a tarn which sits at 12,836 feet (3,912 m) elevation in a glacial cirque on the north face of Mount Blue Sky and the east face of Mount Spalding. To the north, there is a col (12,855 feet/3918 m elevation) looking down into the chain of two cirques holding the Chicago Lakes at the headwaters of Chicago Creek. By one count that includes several unnamed lakes, Summit Lake is the 13th highest lake in the United States. In 1915, the USGS reported that Summit Lake was the highest lake in Colorado, at 12,740 feet. Later secondary sources occasionally report it as the highest lake in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The land was acquired by Denver in 1924 and incorporated into the Denver Mountain Parks system.</p><br>
<p>Salisbury House, in Des Moines, Iowa, is a Tudor, Gothic and Carolean style manor home built on a wooded hill with commanding views. It was built by cosmetics magnate Carl Weeks and his wife, Edith Van Slyke Weeks, between 1923 and 1928. Salisbury House was modeled after the King&#39;s House in Salisbury, England, contains 42 rooms and measures just over 22,000 ft&sup2;. The property is owned and operated by the Salisbury House Foundation and is open to the public for tours, public events, and private rentals.</p><br>
<p>Salisbury House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The listing covered a 9.4 acre area with two contributing buildings, one other contributing structure and one contributing site. Salisbury House is also on the List of Registered Historic Places in Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Timeline</h2><br>
<p>1923 to 1928: Constructed and furnished with an original budget of $150,000, the final cost was $3 million.</p><br>
<p>1926: Carl and Edith Weeks and their four sons—Charles, William, Evert, and Lafayette—move into Salisbury House.</p><br>
<p>1934: Carl and Edith Weeks donate Salisbury House to Drake University; they retain ownership of the House&#39;s collections and furnishings, and pay rent to Drake as tenants until 1954.</p><br>
<p>1954: Iowa State Education Association (ISEA) purchased Salisbury House and its collections from Drake University and the Weeks Family for $180,000 and began using it as office space.</p><br>
<p>1993: Salisbury House Foundation was formed to preserve, interpret and share the property for the cultural and educational benefit of the public.</p><br>
<p>1998: Salisbury House Foundation purchased the property and collections from ISEA for $4.0 million.</p><br>
<p>1999: Operation of Salisbury House as a historic house museum began.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Weeks Family amassed extensive collections of fine art, decorative art, rare books, musical instruments, historic documents, weapons and sculpture, and most of their holdings remain in Salisbury House to this day. However, in the summer of 2019, Grinnell College purchased the library of Carl and Edith Weeks and moved the collection of approximately 3,000 volumes and 2,500 historic documents to Burling Library on the Grinnell College campus. The collection remains open for research by the public, and Grinnell continues to collaborate with Salisbury House on programming involving the magnificent collection.</p><br>
<p>The Salisbury House Foundation offers various tour packages that allow visitors to experience many highlights from the Weeks Family&#39;s collections.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria Museum of Art  of Alexandria, central Louisiana, United States opened its doors in 1977 in downtown Alexandria in the historic Rapides Bank and Trust Company Building . Rapides Bank and Trust Company Building is a historic bank building completed in 1898 in the Renaissance Revival style, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1980. In 1998, AMoA expanded and constructed its grand foyer and offices as an annex to the Rapides Bank Building. In 1999, AMoA was honored as an Outstanding Arts Organization in the Louisiana Governor&#39;s Arts Awards. In 2007, the Museum entered into a collaborative endeavor agreement with Louisiana State University of Alexandria . AMoA now also serves as a downtown campus for LSUA classes and is host to multidisciplinary community events, including concerts and recitals, lectures, yoga classes, Second Saturday Markets, and Museum Afterhours. These events support all art forms – film, literature and poetry, songwriting and visual arts. in downtown Alexandria, Louisiana.left</p><br>
<p>The Museum holds between five and seven exhibitions each year, displaying a variety of historic and contemporary subjects. AMoA offers multidisciplinary programming surrounding every exhibit, including lectures and master classes on the subject of or in the medium of the exhibit. Additionally AMoA engages elementary-aged Rapides Parish students by offering the ArtExpress program, a free-to-schools initiative that puts resident artist educators and museum staff in classrooms around the parish for arts-integrated lessons. The Art2Go program provides hands on visual art workshops free to elementary school teachers to support the Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education requirements to provide 1 hour per week of visual arts instruction in the classroom and are taught by certified art teachers. The Museum also offers summer workshops for elementary and middle school students and provides arts activities in the Bolton Avenue Community Center afterschool program.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House is an historic house at 641 Harris Avenue in northwestern Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The 1906 house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House was constructed in 1906 for two elderly sisters, Mary F. Smith (née Ballou) and Sarah J. Ballou. This 5,000 ft&sup2, three-story house combines Queen Anne and Arts & Crafts style influences, and retains a high degree of integrity of both design and materials. In the first 100 years, the house was owned and occupied by five families. The house initially stood on 5 acre of land, subdivided in 1938 such that the house now stands on approximately two acres.</p><br>
<p>The house was surrounded by Norway Spruce and Blue Spruce trees. One of the trees was removed in 2007 due to infestation; a ring count confirmed that the tree was of the same age as the house. Only one Blue Spruce remains, though new plantings will eventually result in a return of the original landscaping. Extensive restoration was conducted in the early 2000s including repointing of the three chimneys and the 19-inch-thick granite foundation, new copper and slate on roof structures, and re-leading of the stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The house immediately to the south of the Smith–Ballou House is one of only two on the block that predate this house; it was built by Mary F. Smiths son (and Sarah J. Ballous nephew), Stanley G. Smith. The two homes occupy a prominent hilltop location; siting, orientation, and outdoor living spaces suggest that the house originally commanded extensive views overlooking the west and south.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Ballou House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The original color of the house was black stained cedar shakes for the siding with white trim.</p><br>
<p>The Green Shack was a restaurant located on Fremont Street in Las Vegas, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. It was opened by Mattie Jones and was famous for its fried chicken.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1929 and known as the Colorado when it opened on Christmas Eve 1929, the Green Shack had previously been the Swanky Club. With the addition of an old Union Pacific Railroad barracks for expansion, it was renamed Green Shack in 1932. The green paint on the addition was the source of the new name.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Green Shack closed in May 1999 by Jim and Barbara McCormick who were the owners, and was demolished several years later. When it closed, the Green Shack was the oldest restaurant in Las Vegas.</p><br>
<p>The Williams Free Library is a public building in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. It was the first public library in the United States to have open stacks. In 1985 the building was abandoned and the library was relocated and renamed the Beaver Dam Community Library. While the building is no longer used as a library, its Richardsonian Romanesque design remains one of the city&#39;s architectural gems.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>The library was founded in 1884 as the Beaver Dam Free City Library and was housed in a room in City Hall. In April 1890, John J. Williams, a wealthy local businessman, offered the library&#39;s board of directors $25,000 to construct a new building if, in exchange, the city would pay for the land. The Common Council agreed on April 15, 1890, to purchase a lot belonging to W.H. and T.D. Lawrence at Park Avenue and Spring Street, as well as an adjacent lot owned by Joseph Wagner on Park, for $12,200.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Plans were completed by Walter Holbrook of Edward Townsend Mix & Co. of Milwaukee, Wisconsin in May 1890. The librarys design was inspired by Henry Hobson Richardson. Construction began in July, with lot preparations completed by August. On August 26, Mayor E. Elwell declared a half-holiday for the cornerstone laying ceremony, which was executed by the local Masons. Collection of the required sandstone and limestone slowed construction, but work was completed in July 1891, with the buildings dedication held on July 15, 1891. Thousands were in attendance, as it was held in conjunction with Beaver Dam&#39;s semi-centennial celebration.</p><br>
<p>The doors of the library opened on September 1, 1891, with Mary J. Doolittle as its inaugural librarian. Its initial holdings were made up of 4,500 volumes. Marys sister Hattie took over the library after Marys unexpected death in 1897. Hattie served as librarian for the next 47 years.</p><br>
<h3>Expansion</h3><br>
<p>The library was placed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. By 1979 the library had a collection of 52,608 books. As the collection and city grew, the library outgrew the Williams building. The city built a new library incorporating the Williams Free Library, and opened the new Beaver Dam Community Library on North Spring Street on March 4, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Dodge County Historical Society and Museum</h2><br>
<p>The building has been occupied by the Dodge County Historical Society since 1985. The historic structure that formerly housed the library holdings is now rented for $1 per year to the Dodge County Historical Society and houses its museum.</p><br>
<p>Williams Free Library front.jpgFront view</p><br>
<p>Williams Free Library back.jpgRear view</p><br>
<p>Williams Free Library tower.jpgTower</p><br>
<p>Williams Free Library.jpgVintage postcard</p><br>
<p>The Bell Ranch is a historic ranch in Tucumcari, New Mexico, United States of America. Owned by John Malone since 2010, it is one of the largest privately owned ranches in the United States., Malone is the second largest land owner in the country with 2.2 million acres. The ranch became a national landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Lying along La Cinta Creek near the Canadian River, the ranch is bordered by Conchas Lake in San Miguel County, New Mexico about 30 miles (97 km) from Tucumcari, New Mexico.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bell Ranch stands at 290,100 acre, with six cow camps and a private airport known as the Waggoner Airport. Cattle mainly graze the grasslands of the ranch, with some supplemental feed.</p><br>
<p>Its features include Conchas Lake, Mule Canyon, and 13 mile of land along the Canadian River. With 453 square miles, it is large enough to have its own zip code.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kiowa and Comanche ranged over the grassland that is now Bell Ranch. The ranch originated from a Mexican 655,468-acre land grant held by Pablo Montoya in 1824. At that time, the land was located within Santa Fe de Nuevo México of the First Mexican Republic (1824–1835). Montoya named the land Bell Ranch after Bell Mountain. Montoya did not have full ownership from the government until 1869. It also included the Baca Float No. 2. Montoya sold the land in 1874, after four vaqueros (cowboys) were killed by several Kiowa.</p><br>
<p>Wilson "Waddy" Waddingham became the largest landowner in northeastern New Mexico when he bought the Bell Ranch land to add to adjoining 754,000 acres he had acquired. A large white-washed adobe ranch house, the "White House", was built in 1876. It was a residence for his family and the place where he entertained notable government and business men, such as when he hosted a seven-course dinner on January 7, 1883 that was described as the "finest meal served in New Mexico Territory".</p><br>
<p>Waddingham bred his range cows with Shorthorn bulls and branded the cattle on their left hips with a bell-shaped brand. Vaqueros rode horses, acquired from Spain since the 16th century, to inspect the range and move cattle, using their roping skills. They trained horses for long-distance riding. Vaqueros created silver spurs, spade bits, and reatas, a type of rope. Vaqueros created center-fire rigged saddles that made it easier to move and maintain their balance while working the cattle. Their lifestyle melded with that of American cowboys. John H. Culley wrote the book Cattle, Horses and Men about what it was like to work on Bell Ranch.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the ranch was acquired by Guy Waggoner, who built the 10,300-square-foot hacienda on the ranch. In 1947, the ranch was divided into six sections and land was sold. The ranch was acquired in 1970 by William N. Lane II of Chicago, chairman and CEO of publicly traded General Binding Corp., a maker of office supplies and equipment. Further purchases of the original grant land have fleshed out the holding to its present size of 290,100 acre. In 1970, it acquired its own zip code, 88441. After Lane died in a 1978 car accident on the ranch, it was owned by his five children through a trust. His son Jeff died in a plane accident on the ranch in 2007. In 2010, the ranch, which was listed for $83 million, was acquired by Silver Spur Ranches, a ranching company owned by John Malone.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Canadian artist Robert Lougheed visited the ranch numerous times taking inspiration from the horses, people and places to create a body of work recognized by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, famed photographer Harvey Caplin took images in black and white. Some of these have been used by the Stetson Hat Company for promotion since that time as the quintessential western iconography.</p><br>
<p>The Col. Monroe M. Shipe House is a historic two-story home in the Hyde Park historic district in Austin, Texas, United States. The building was completed by Monroe M. Shipe, founder of Hyde Park, in 1892. It uses an eclectic combination of styles, including a Stick style form, Queen Anne decorations, and a flat concrete roof.</p><br>
<p>Shipe platted the entire neighborhood of Hyde Park, and designated the few blocks near his home to be a subdivision he called "Shadowlawn."</p><br>
<p>During renovation, it was discovered that the lumber in the home came from the grandstands of the State Fair of Texas which was once held nearby.</p><br>
<p>The home is located at 3816 Avenue G. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit is one of Michigans most important historic cemeteries. Located at 1200 Elmwood Street in Detroits Eastside Historic Cemetery District, Elmwood is the oldest continuously operating, non-denominational cemetery in Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery was dedicated October 8, 1846, as a rural cemetery and incorporated as a non-profit corporation by Special Act 62 of the Michigan Legislature on March 5, 1849. The first burial occurred three weeks prior to the dedication on September 10, 1846. Founded by some of early Detroits leading residents, Elmwood originally covered 42 acre. Over time, it expanded to encompass 86 acre and is the final resting-place of many notable Detroiters as well as ordinary citizens. In 1850, however, the cemetery became slightly smaller when Temple Beth El purchased one-half acre to establish what is now Michigans oldest Jewish cemetery. The State of Michigan designated it as a State Historic Site in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood was the first fully racially-integrated cemetery in the Midwest. A short distance from downtown Detroit, Elmwood continues to serve residents of all ethnic backgrounds and religious beliefs.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood&#39;s park-like grounds containing a gently-flowing stream and low hills were designed in 1890 by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. They are based on the design of Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival chapel on the grounds was constructed in 1856. It underwent renovation in 1961 and was destroyed by fire in 1976. With a public outpouring of support, the building was restored and continues to play an important role.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, the state of Michigan purchased a section to inter Civil War veterans and in 1876, the Firemen&#39;s Lot was dedicated with a monument that depicts firefighting equipment and the fire hall that once stood at the corner of the present Renaissance Center on Randolph and Jefferson Avenue. The Civil War section holds 205 graves today.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival gatehouse was added in 1876 and in 2003 its portal was closed and filled with a reception room designed to harmonize with the historic architecture. The gate was closed because it was unable to accommodate larger vehicles which needed access to the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery makes an appearance in the film Detroit 9000 as the scene of a shootout.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent burials</h2><br>
<p>Russell A. Alger (1836–1907), Governor of Michigan (1885–1887), USA Senator, and USA Secretary of War</p><br>
<p>William Edmond Armitage (1830–1873), second Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Wisconsin (1870–1873)</p><br>
<p>John Biddle (1792–1859), delegate to USA Congress from Michigan Territory, Mayor of Detroit (1827–1828)</p><br>
<p>Henry Billings Brown (1836–1913), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1890–1906)</p><br>
<p>Lewis Cass (1782–1866), Michigan Territorial Governor (1813–1831), USA Senator, USA Secretary of War, USA Secretary of State, and the Democratic Party presidential nominee in the 1848 United States presidential election.</p><br>
<p>Zachariah Chandler (1813–1879), USA Senator from Michigan, USA Secretary of the Interior, Mayor of Detroit (1851–1852)</p><br>
<p>Philip St. George Cooke (1809–1895), USA Civil War General</p><br>
<p>Donald M. Dickinson (1846–1917), USA Postmaster General (1888–1889)</p><br>
<p>J. P. C. Emmons (1818–1877), Michigan State Representative (1848), Florida Attorney General (1872–1873)</p><br>
<p>Elon Farnsworth (1799–1847), Attorney General from 1843 to 1845 and Chancellor of Michigan</p><br>
<p>William Webb Ferguson (1857–1910), first African-American man elected to the Michigan House of Representatives</p><br>
<p>Harry P. Guy (1870–1950), ragtime composer</p><br>
<p>Douglass Houghton (1809–1845), geologist and Mayor of Detroit (1842)</p><br>
<p>Jacob M. Howard (1805–1871), USA Senator from Michigan (1862–1871), helped draft Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution</p><br>
<p>Bela Hubbard (1814–1896), geologist, surveyor</p><br>
<p>Jonathan Kearsley (1786–1859), two-time Mayor of Detroit (1826, 1829) and veteran of the War of 1812</p><br>
<p>Charles Larned (c. 1787 – 1834), Attorney General of Michigan Territory and veteran of the War of 1812</p><br>
<p>Lucius Lyon (1800–1851), USA Senator from 1837 to 1839, first congressman from Michigan&#39;s second district and a founding father of Grand Rapids, Michigan</p><br>
<p>Margaret Mather (1859–1898), Victorian actress</p><br>
<p>James McMillan (1838–1902), USA senator from 1889 to 1902</p><br>
<p>Robert McClelland (1807–1880), 4th United States Secretary of the Interior</p><br>
<p>Charles Merrill (1792–1872), American entrepreneur and lumber tycoon</p><br>
<p>Truman H. Newberry (1864–1945), businessman, USA Senator from Michigan (1919–1922), Secretary of the Navy</p><br>
<p>John Norvell (1789–1850), USA Senator (1837–1841), War of 1812 veteran and newspaper editor</p><br>
<p>Thomas W. Palmer (1830–1913), USA Senator (1883–1889)</p><br>
<p>Zina Pitcher (1797–1872), physician and two-time Mayor of Detroit (1840–1841, 1843)</p><br>
<p>Andrew Porter (1820–1872), USA Army general in the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Jerome H. Remick (1867–1931), music publisher</p><br>
<p>James Robinson (1753–1868), African-American Revolutionary War and 1812 War Veteran</p><br>
<p>Solomon Sibley (1769–1846), delegate to USA Congress from Michigan Territory, Territorial Supreme Court Justice, and first Mayor of Detroit (1806) under the first charter</p><br>
<p>Fred "Sonic" Smith (1949–1994), guitarist best known for his work with the rock band MC5</p><br>
<p>Martha Jean Steinberg (1930–2000), radio personality</p><br>
<p>David Stuart (1816–1868), congressman (1853–1855)</p><br>
<p>Sam Thompson (1860–1922), outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member</p><br>
<p>Hiram Walker (1816–1899), entrepreneur; founder Hiram Walker and Sons Distillery</p><br>
<p>Eber Brock Ward (1811–1875), Detroit&#39;s first millionaire</p><br>
<p>Alpheus S. Williams (1810–1878), American Civil War general and USA Representative from Michigan.</p><br>
<p>John R. Williams (1782–1854), first and sixth Mayor of Detroit under the second charter (1824–1825, 1830) and namesake of John R. Street</p><br>
<p>Thomas Williams (1815–1862), American Civil War general killed at the Battle of Baton Rouge</p><br>
<p>Coleman Young (1918–1997), Mayor of Detroit (1974–1994)</p><br>
<p>Little Church of the West is a wedding chapel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States, that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. Built of redwood, it was intended to be a replica of a typical pioneer town church. It is the oldest building on the Las Vegas Strip.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Little Church of the West opened May 22, 1943 on what became the Las Vegas Strip. The chapel was originally built as part of the Hotel Last Frontier complex on the Strip. It was moved from the north side of the hotel to the south side in 1954. In 1979, to make way for the Fashion Show Mall, the chapel was moved onto the grounds of the Hacienda hotel-casino. In December 1996, when the Hacienda was closed and demolished, the chapel was moved again to its current location on the east side of the Strip, south of the eventual Mandalay Bay resort.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on September 14, 1992, and is the only building on the Las Vegas Strip to be listed.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the church performed 6,000 weddings a year, and more than 250,000 couples had been married there since its opening. In 2017, it celebrated its 75th anniversary and remains the oldest building on the Las Vegas Strip.</p><br>
<h3>Film history</h3><br>
<p>In an episode of Perry Mason titled "The Case of the Startled Stallion" (1959) the church is mentioned and the neon sign is shown. It appears in the 1964 film Viva Las Vegas, in which the film&#39;s characters played by Elvis Presley and Ann-Margret recite their vows in the church. In the 1978-81 ABC series Vega$ the chapel appears in "Serve, Volley, and Kill" (Season 1, Episode 11, 1978), starring Red Buttons as "Reverend" Tommy Cirko, "All Kinds of Love" (Season 2, Episode 14, 1980), and "Vendetta" (Season 2, Episode 23, 1980).</p><br>
<h2>Notable weddings</h2><br>
<p>Betty Grable and Harry James (1943)</p><br>
<p>Andy Russell and Della Norell (1945)</p><br>
<p>Deanna Durbin and Felix Jackson (1945)</p><br>
<p>Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders (1949)</p><br>
<p>Fernando Lamas and Arlene Dahl (1954)</p><br>
<p>Dinah Washington and Dick Lane (1963)</p><br>
<p>Judy Garland and Mark Herron (1965)</p><br>
<p>David Cassidy and Kay Lenz (1977)</p><br>
<p>Bob Geldof and Paula Yates (1986)</p><br>
<p>Dudley Moore and Brogan Lane (1988)</p><br>
<p>Redd Foxx and Ka Ha Cho (1991)</p><br>
<p>Richard Gere and Cindy Crawford (1991)</p><br>
<p>Noel Gallagher and Meg Matthews (1997)</p><br>
<p>Billy Bob Thornton and Angelina Jolie (2000)</p><br>
<p>Billie Piper and Chris Evans (2001)</p><br>
<p>Jodie Sweetin and Cody Herpin (2007)</p><br>
<p>Mickey Rooney</p><br>
<p>Robert Goulet</p><br>
<p>Buck Owens</p><br>
<p>David Sanborn</p><br>
<p>Telly Savalas</p><br>
<p>Heather Thomas</p><br>
<p>Mel Tormé</p><br>
<p>Margaret Whiting</p><br>
<p>Lars Ulrich</p><br>
<p>Ian Astbury</p><br>
<p>Max Blumenthal and Anya Parampil</p><br>
<p>The Boulder Dam Hotel, also known as the Boulder City Inn, is a hotel located in Boulder City, Nevada that is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. It was designed in the Colonial Revival style by architect Henry Smith. The hotel was built to accommodate official visitors and tourists during the building of Boulder Dam, now Hoover Dam.</p><br>
<p>The restored hotel is still operating with 22 rooms available.</p><br>
<h2>Boulder City/Hoover Dam Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Boulder City/Hoover Dam Museum is located in the hotel. Operated by the Boulder City Museum and Historical Association, the museum features exhibits about the Boulder Canyon Project, the building of Boulder Dam, and the history and culture of Boulder City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was built for W.F. Grey, who saw the opportunity for a hotel in the "government town" of Boulder City. The hotel was completed in 1933. P.S. Webb built the hotel and purchased it from Grey in 1935 as part of his tourist agency. Webb advertised heavily, turning the hotel into a destination resort. Webb sold the property during World War II, as the tourist business had declined precipitously.</p><br>
<p>Originally built in a U-shaped configuration, wings were added in 1935 to make it H-shaped. The two-story building is built of concrete block. The north elevation, the entry, is fronted by a two-story porch with square columns.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has seen a number of celebrity visitors, including Boris Karloff, Shirley Temple and then-Crown Prince Olav and Princess Martha of Norway. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Boulder Dam Hotel Association purchased the hotel in 1993 and spent over $2 million to restore it. During the restoration, the number of rooms was reduced from 83 to allow for more public spaces.</p><br>
<p>Major renovations were completed in the early 2000s allowing the hotel to reopen.</p><br>
<p>Cathedral Parish School, also known as Wheeling Catholic Elementary and Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston Chancery, was a historic elementary school building located at Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia. It was built in 1896–1897, to service the St. Joseph Cathedral parish. A gymnasium addition was built in 1939. It is a three-story brick building, with an elevated first floor. It sits on a sandstone base. It features a center square tower with a pyramidal roof and Late Gothic Revival details.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is located in the East Wheeling Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Henry K. List House, also known as the Wheeling-Moundsville Chapter of the American Red Cross, is a historic home located at 827 Main Street in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia. It was built in 1858, and consists of a two-story square main block with an offset two-story rear wing. The brick mansion features a low-pitched hipped roof with a balustraded square cupola. It has Renaissance Revival and Italianate design details. The building was once occupied by the Ohio Valley Red Cross.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Mount de Chantal Visitation Academy was a private Catholic all-girls school in the city of Wheeling in the USA state of West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was founded in 1848 as the Wheeling Female Academy in downtown Wheeling and in 1865 moved to its final location and assumed its permanent name. While grades five through twelve were all female, Mount de Chantal&#39;s Montessori and Elementary schools were co-ed. They were members of the Ohio Valley Athletic Conference.</p><br>
<p>The school building was built in 1864–1865. The original structure was composed of three major parts connected by two recessed wings. The building was constructed of brick, on a limestone foundation, with a slate covered gable roof. A two-storied brick porch, added about 1910, extended the entire width. The Fine Arts addition was built in 1906, the "laundry building" in 1908, and living quarters for the Sisters in 1972.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. No plans have been announced for the site, although the grounds are currently being used as practice fields for the local Catholic High Schools.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Alumnae</h2><br>
<p>Carrie Watson Fleming, First lady of West Virginia, 1890–1893</p><br>
<p>Edna Hall Scott Kump, First lady of West Virginia, 1933–1937</p><br>
<p>Judith Herndon, West Virginia state senator</p><br>
<p>Virginia B. Evans, artist</p><br>
<p>Oriska Worden, singer and vaudeville performer</p><br>
<p>Shepherd Hall, also known as Monument Place and formerly as Stone Mansion, is a historic house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the city of Wheeling in the USA state of West Virginia. It is located in the Elm Grove area of Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History of Shepherd Hall</h2><br>
<p>Shepherd Hall (later known as Stone Mansion and now Monument Place) was built in 1798 by Moses Shepherd (November 11, 1763 &ndash; April 29, 1832). He and his wife, Lydia (née Boggs) Shepherd (February 26, 1766 &ndash; September 29, 1867), resided there on the grounds of their plantation.</p><br>
<p>Moses Shepherd and his family migrated from Mecklenburg, Frederick County (later Berkeley County), Virginia (now Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, West Virginia) to the District of West Augusta, Virginia (later Ohio County, Virginia and now Ohio County, West Virginia) about 1771 and settled on the banks of Wheeling Creek, a tributary of the Ohio River, near the Forks of Wheeling Creek where Big Wheeling Creek collects Little Wheeling Creek. Moses Shepherds father built Fort Shepherd upon this land and operated a large plantation and grist mill. The fort was burned to the ground by Native Americans. Moses Shepherd inherited this land upon his fathers death in 1795 and continued to operate the plantation. Shepherd Hall was built on the site of the former Fort Shepherd.</p><br>
<p>Moses Shepherd was the son of David Shepherd and Rachel (née Teague) Shepherd. He met Lydia Boggs during the last siege of Fort Henry on the Ohio River, the fort that defended the early settlers of the Wheeling area against Native American attacks, in September 1782. The Shepherd and Boggs families were both taking refuge inside the fort during the siege. Moses Shepherd and Lydia Boggs married about 1783, but they had no children together during the course of their almost fifty years of marriage.</p><br>
<p>Lydia Boggs was the daughter of John Boggs and Jane (née Irwin) Boggs. The Boggs Family migrated from Back Creek Valley, Frederick County (later Berkeley County), Virginia (now West Virginia), and John Boggs staked his claim to an area of land lying along a creek (which is a tributary of the Ohio River) just south of Wheeling in 1774 where he settled with his family. The creek and the land surrounding it became known as Boggs Run, and a portion of Boggs Run near the mouth of the creek is now part of Benwood, West Virginia in Marshall County.</p><br>
<p>Moses and Lydia Shepherd moved into Shepherd Hall upon its completion in 1798 and became very wealthy through the operation of their plantation and grist mill and the construction of bridges over Wheeling Creek built by Moses Shepherd. Most notably is the Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge, which was built by Moses Shepherd over Little Wheeling Creek in 1817 and is still in use today. Every year, Moses and Lydia Shepherd traveled to Washington, D.C., and met many famous politicians and presidents of their time. Several presidents, such as Andrew Jackson and James K. Polk, famous politicians, such as Henry Clay, and other prominent citizens called on the Shepherds at Shepherd Hall when passing through the Wheeling area. The Marquis de Lafayette (1757&ndash;1834) is said to have visited the mansion as well in 1825 while visiting Wheeling. One of the politicians that the Shepherds established a good friendship with was Henry Clay (1777&ndash;1852), who represented the state of Kentucky in both the Senate and House of Representatives and was eventually elected to Speaker of the House. With Clay&#39;s help, they were very influential in diverting the National Road to pass through Wheeling in Ohio County rather than Wellsburg in Brooke County in 1818. In fact, the National Road passes right by Shepherd Hall (Monument Place).</p><br>
<p>Moses Shepherd died at Shepherd Hall of cholera on April 29, 1832, at the age of 68 during a cholera epidemic plaguing Wheeling after a devastating flood. Lydia Boggs Shepherd, now a wealthy widow, remarried to widower Daniel Cruger (December 22, 1780 &ndash; July 12, 1843), one year later on July 16, 1833, in Ohio County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Daniel Cruger, fourteen years her junior, was a United States Congressman from Steuben County, New York, and they had met in Washington, D.C., during her many trips there with her first husband, Moses Shepherd. Lydia Boggs Shepherd Cruger changed the name of the mansion from Shepherd Hall to Stone Mansion during the ten years of her marriage to Daniel Cruger. Daniel Cruger died suddenly of apoplexy on July 12, 1843, at the age of 62 during a bank meeting in Wheeling.</p><br>
<p>Lydia Boggs Shepherd Cruger lived the last twenty-four years of her life in solitude in the mansion (a few of her slaves remained on the plantation to care for her), occasionally receiving visitors and relatives eager to hear first hand accounts of Wheeling&#39;s history. In 1849 when she was 83 years old, she caused a heated controversy when she swore out an affidavit discrediting Betty Zane as the heroine of the gunpowder exploit during the 1782 siege of Fort Henry sixty-seven years after the event in which she was one of the last surviving eyewitnesses. She had resided in Shepherd Hall from the time the mansion was built in 1798 until she died there at the age of 101 on September 29, 1867.</p><br>
<p>After Lydia Boggs Shepherd Cruger died in 1867, the vast Shepherd plantation was sold off into lots, thus becoming the area known as Elm Grove in Wheeling, West Virginia. Shepherd Hall was purchased in 1870 by Alonzo Loring (1820&ndash;1898) and his wife, Mary Caldwell (née Chapline) Patterson Loring (1830&ndash;1887), and changed its name to Monument Place. Ownership of the mansion eventually passed to their daughter Lucy Loring Milton. She made structural additions to the mansion in 1907. The Osiris Shrine Temple purchased Monument Place after the 1926 death of Lucy Loring Milton and retain ownership to the present day.</p><br>
<p>Monument Place derives its name from a monument that Lydia and Moses Shepherd had erected on their property near the National Road in 1820 dedicated to Henry Clay for his support in bringing the National Road to Wheeling. The monument no longer stands.</p><br>
<p>As the neighborhood of Elm Grove in Wheeling developed, the street that passes directly in front of Shepherd Hall (Monument Place) was given the name Cruger Street, but Cruger was misspelled Kruger. The misspelled version of the surname was never corrected, and the street retains the name of Kruger Street to the present day.</p><br>
<h2>Stone Church Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Moses Shepherd, Lydia Boggs Shepherd Cruger and Daniel Cruger are all buried in Stone Church Cemetery in Elm Grove, Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia, which is situated on a nearby hill overlooking Shepherd Hall (Monument Place). The cemetery was once part of the Shepherd plantation, and the land for the cemetery was given to the congregation of the Stone Presbyterian Church in 1795 by David Shepherd, the father of Moses Shepherd, who is also buried in the cemetery along with his wife and the mother of Moses Shepherd, Rachel Teague Shepherd. Several members of the Chapline, Patterson, Loring and Milton families, such as Lucy Loring Milton, her husband Charles Milton and her parents Alonzo Loring and Mary Chapline Patterson Loring, are also buried in Stone Church Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The William Miles Tiernan House, also known as the Tiernan-Riley House, is a historic home located at Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia. It was built in 1900–01, and is a -story, L-shaped, Georgian Revival-style brick dwelling. It features two-story Ionic order pilasters that flank the one-story entrance portico. The house was built for William M. Tiernan, who was vice-president of the Bloch Brothers Tobacco Company.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the Woodsdale-Edgewood Neighborhood Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Wheeling station is a USA historic train station located at Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia. It was built in 1907–1908, and is a four-story, rectangular brick and limestone building in the Beaux-Arts-style. It measures 250 feet long by 89 feet, 6 inches, deep. It features mansard roofs, built of concrete and covered with Spanish tile painted pink. Passenger service ceased in 1961. The building was remodeled in 1976 to house the West Virginia Northern Community College.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as the Wheeling Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Passenger Station.</p><br>
<p>The Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge, also known as the Monument Place Bridge, is the oldest extant bridge, built in 1817, in the USA state of West Virginia. The bridge carries USA Route 40 over Little Wheeling Creek in Elm Grove. The bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Moses Shepherd (1763–1832), son of David Shepherd and Rachel (née Teague) Shepherd and first husband of Lydia (née Boggs) Shepherd Cruger (1766–1867), moved to Wheeling with his parents and siblings from Shepherdstown, West Virginia about 1771 and built his prominent home, Shepherd Hall, in 1798. Shepherd rose to prominence in the area and befriended House Speaker Henry Clay, a friendship credited with the National Road running through Wheeling as well as Shepherd being awarded contracts to construct all bridges along the National Road in Ohio County</p><br>
<p>The construction on the bridge began in 1817 and was completed later the same year. The bridge saw remodeling in 1931 and reinforced in 1953. The bridge is still in use today, still carrying traffic along Route 40.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance</h2><br>
<p>The Elm Grove Stone Arch Bridge is a 3 span stone arched bridge. The bridge is constructed with solid uncoarsed limestone blocks. The bridge reaches 208 feet in length over the Little Wheeling Creek below. The middle arch spans 38 feet with two arches to either side spanning 25 feet. The arches are shaped in an ellipse pattern rather than the popular semicircular pattern for aesthetic reasons giving the bridge a "humpback" appearance.</p><br>
<p>Original buttresses were removed in 1931 to make room for sidewalks on either side of the driving lanes. In 1953 the bridge was sprayed with gunite to reinforce and strengthen the bridge. The road has been paved with asphalt several times but has not destroyed the natural integrity in which it was designed and built in 1817.</p><br>
<p>The Hildreth–Flanagan–Heierman House is a historic home in the Hyde Park historic district in Austin, Texas. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision of the Hyde Park neighborhood designated by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<p>The home was completed in 1902 by master builder William Voss Sr. for owner Charles A. Hildreth, at a total cost of $2,718. The house combines features of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3909 Avenue G. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
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<p>The Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House is a historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas, United States. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<p>The building was completed near the turn of the 20th century by local real estate broker and auto dealer Frank Covert. Like other homes in the neighborhood, it includes an eclectic combination of styles, including a Queen Anne form and Romanesque and Classical Revival details. The house features irregular massing, a two-story wraparound veranda and masonry construction, unusual in Hyde Park.</p><br>
<p>According to information compiled by Peter Flagg Maxson, architectural historian, the Covert House had many owners in the 20th century. Under the Sassman ownership (1917–1945) it was rented out to, among others, Robert Winslow and the House of the Holy Infancy, a home for unwed mothers.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the Covert House was acquired by several families, who tried group living there. After a period of some neglect, the property was acquired by Dr. John and Ann Horan, who beautifully restored it. It has since been sold on to another person.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3912 Avenue G, across from the Page-Gilbert House. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
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<p>The Page–Gilbert House is a historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas, United States. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<p>It was built in the late 19th century by its first owner, Christopher Page, a British immigrant who had worked as a stonemason in constructing the Texas State Capitol. It features a muted Victorian style with Queen Anne accents such as a pyramidal steeple roof.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3913 Avenue G, across from the Frank M. and Annie G. Covert House. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Marcuse–Lowry House is an historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s original footprint was square, with two stories. It had a cedar shingle roof upon its completion. At the time of its construction, it was built with all the modern conveniences for its time period. The house was wired for electric light, featured a gas fireplace-in-the-round for heating, transoms and double hung windows for circulation and had a water collection and retention system. Texas Victorian homes have much less ornate scrollwork than traditional Victorian homes, yet the work is still interesting. The porch railings and decorative elements of the Marcuse–Lowry home have been retained or reproduced in their original form.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3913 Avenue C. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
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<p>The Keeler Tavern is an 18th-century historical building at 152 Main Street in the center of Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States. The property served as summer home to architect Cass Gilbert, who purchased it in 1907 and designed additions to the building as well as a garden.</p><br>
<p>It is also significant for the part it played in the Battle of Ridgefield when British forces passed through, in 1777. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and is operated as the Keeler Tavern Museum & History Center (KTM&HC). It is also included in the Ridgefield Center Historic District, NRHP-listed in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Ridgefield exists on the ancestral homelands of the Ramapough, Munsee Lenape, and Wiechquasegeck band of the Wappinger people.</p><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1708, a group of Norwalk families paid the Ramapough 100 pounds sterling for 20,000 acres of land that would become Ridgefield. The land along the main roadway was divided into "lotts" of 7.5 acres each, and this site, owned by Benjamin Hoyt, was Lott 2. Hoyt built the original single story, one room structure on the site; by the 1750s, the farmhouse was two and a half stories.</p><br>
<p>Hoyts nephew Timothy Keeler purchased the home in 1769 and, with his wife Esther, turned it into Keelers Inn, a tavern with lodging situated on a busy postal route between Hartford to New York City. On April 27, 1777 during the Battle of Ridgefield -- a significant strategic victory for the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War -- the tavern was bombarded by the attacking British army. One of these cannonballs remains embedded in the tavern&#39;s northern corner post to this day.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1815, William Keeler inherited the tavern from his father Timothy and operated the inn together with his sister Anna as the "W. Keeler&#39;s Hotel" until his death in 1827, at which point Anna received total ownership of the hotel. Anna married Abijah Resseguie, and the Resseguies owned the property - turning the tavern into the Resseguie Hotel - until the twentieth century. Anna and Abijah Resseguie had one child, Anna Marie, who was born in 1830. After her parents death, during the Civil War era, Anna Marie Resseguie ran the business with Phillis DuBois, a Black woman, who the Resseguie family had "taken in" as a child for "care and service." Though living at the site after slavery was abolished in Connecticut, Phillis was not paid for her work until she was in her 30s.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<h2>KTM&HC</h2><br>
<p>The KTM&HC museum offers public programming onsite and virtually, special events, education programs for school groups and visitors of all ages, and collaborates with local arts and culture organizations.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 152 Main Street, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA, across from a large Cass Gilbert-designed fountain at the intersection of Rts. 33 and 35.</p><br>
<p>The Oliphant–Walker House is a historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1894 by area resident William J. Oliphant (1845–1930), an accomplished photographer.</p><br>
<p>It is a prime example of Queen Anne style architecture, with an elaborate balustrade, front gable, and friezes. The house was sold to Anna Walker, president of the Texas Woman Suffrage Association, in 1916.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3900 Avenue C. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Peter and Clotilde Shipe Mansbendel House is an historic home in the Hyde Park Historic District in Austin, Texas, United States. It is also a part of the Shadow Lawn Historic District, a subdivision within the Hyde Park neighborhood established by Hyde Park founder Monroe M. Shipe.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1925 by Peter Mansbendel, a master carpenter who personally added carved-wood decorations to the home. Mansbendel also carved wooden doors for the mid-century restoration of the Governors Palace in San Antonio, and provided work for Austins first permanent public library in 1933.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 3824 Avenue F. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The DeWint House, in Tappan, New York, is one of the oldest surviving structures in Rockland County and is an outstanding example of Hudson Valley Dutch Colonial architecture. It was built using brick and indigenous stone in 1700 by Daniel DeClark, a Hollander, who emigrated to America in 1676 and bought the land from Native Americans in 1682. The date of construction is marked by glazed bricks incorporated into the façade.</p><br>
<p>In 1746, West Indian planter and American patriot Johannes DeWint and his spouse Antje Dewint bought the house. His daughter, Anna Maria, and her husband, Major Fredericus Blauvelt, lived in the house.</p><br>
<p>The DeWint House became a temporary headquarters of George Washington while he was Commander-in-Chief during the American Revolution. Washington was a guest in the south parlor twice in 1780 and twice in 1783.</p><br>
<h2>Washington&#39;s headquarters</h2><br>
<p>Washington first stayed at the Dewint House from August 8–24, 1780, while inspecting a redoubt on the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>Washington returned from September 28 to October 7, 1780, for the nearby trial of British spy Major John André. Washington signed the execution warrant in the house and Andre was subsequently hanged. Andre had been captured in Tarrytown after plotting with Benedict Arnold to surrender West Point to the British. André was held in the Old 76 House in Tappan, a tavern which is now a restaurant. Washington provided meals from his table at the DeWint House to André at the 76 House. A stone on André Hill Road at Gallows Hill marks the site of André&#39;s hanging.</p><br>
<p>Washington and his key staff headquartered at the DeWint House from May 4–8, 1783, while negotiating the final withdrawal of British troops from New York City with British General Sir Guy Carleton. It was said to have been a friendly conference combined with an elegant dinner prepared by Samuel Fraunces, owner of Fraunces Tavern in New York City, who came up to prepare the dinner for Washington and his guest.</p><br>
<p>From November 11–14, 1783, a terrible snowstorm forced Washington to seek shelter in the DeWint House on his trip to visit West Point and later New York City, where he tendered his resignation.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds and renovation</h2><br>
<p>The property was in disrepair when it was acquired by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York in 1932. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.</p><br>
<p>The DeWint House, along with Stony Point Battlefield in Stony Point and the Blauvelt House in New City, are the only places in Rockland County designated as New York State Paths through History sites.</p><br>
<p>The site has undergone extensive restoration and upgrading. The houses two first-floor rooms have been restored and furnished to reflect the period of Washingtons occupancy. A replica kitchen, as Washington might have known it while he was a guest of the DeWints, was completed in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a 19th-century carriage house that contains displays of artifacts uncovered at the site during archaeological digs, as wells as items related to Washington, André and Arnold, and the Masons. A large mill stone from a grist mill in nearby Ramapo is displayed on the grounds, and at the rear of the house stand seven small grave markers each bearing one to three initials, which came from a nearby property. It is believed these markers came from a burial ground for slaves on that property.</p><br>
<p>The house and grounds are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Sugar Hill is a National Historic District in the Harlem and Hamilton Heights neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City, bounded by West 155th Street to the north, West 145th Street to the south, Edgecombe Avenue to the east, and Amsterdam Avenue to the west. The equivalent New York City Historic Districts are:</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Heights/Sugar Hill Historic District and Extension: roughly West 145th to West 150th Street, Edgecombe Avenue to between Convent and Amsterdam Avenues</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Heights/Sugar Hill Northeast Historic District: roughly West 151st to West 155th Street, west of St. Nicholas Avenue to between Convent and Amsterdam Avenues</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Heights/Sugar Hill Northwest Historic District: roughly West 151st to West 155th Street, east of St. Nicholas Avenue to Edgecombe Avenue</p><br>
<p>The Federal district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sugar Hill got its name in the 1920s when the neighborhood became a popular place for wealthy African Americans to live during the Harlem Renaissance. Reflective of the "sweet life" there, Sugar Hill featured rowhouses in which lived such prominent African Americans as W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, Adam Clayton Powell Jr., Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Walter Francis White, Roy Wilkins, Sonny Rollins and Afro-Puerto Rican Arturo Schomburg.</p><br>
<p>Langston Hughes wrote about the relative affluence of the neighborhood in his essay "Down Under in Harlem" published in The New Republic in 1944:</p><br>
<p>Dont take it for granted that all Harlem is a slum. It isnt. There are big apartment houses up on the hill, Sugar Hill, and up by City College – nice high-rent-houses with elevators and doormen, where Canada Lee lives, and W. C. Handy, and the George S. Schuylers, and the Walter Whites, where colored families send their babies to private kindergartens and their youngsters to Ethical Culture School.</p><br>
<p>Terry Mulligans 2012 memoir Sugar Hill, Where the Sun Rose Over Harlemr is a chronicle of the writers experiences growing up in the 1950s and 1960s in the neighborhood, where her neighbors included future United States Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, early rock n&#39; roll legend Frankie Lymon, and New York baseball great Willie Mays.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings</h2><br>
<p>Among the many notable buildings in the Sugar Hill area are:</p><br>
<p>Nicholas C. and Agnes Benziger House, 345 Edgecombe Avenue (William Schickel, 1890–91) - has also been used as a hospital, nursery and housing for the homeless</p><br>
<p>James A. and Ruth M. Bailey House, 10 St. Nicholas Place (Samuel B. Reed, 1886–88) - A Romanesque Revival residence built for James A. Bailey of the Barnum & Bailey Circus</p><br>
<p>The Garrison Apartments, 435 Convent Avenue (Neville & Bagge, 1909-1910) - Originally Emsworth Hall, it became a cooperative apartment building in 1929 and is today the oldest continuously operated Black founded, owned, and managed co-op in New York City. Home to many Harlem trailblazers and history makers.</p><br>
<p>14 and 16 St. Nicholas Place (William Grinnell, 1883–84) - Queen Anne style detached frame houses clad in wood shingles</p><br>
<p>Fink House, 8 St. Nicholas Place (Richard S. Rosenstock, 1885) - Queen Anne style house, would later be combined with...</p><br>
<p>Baiter House, 6 St. Nicholas Place (Theodore G. Stein, 1893–94) -...and used as a sanitarium, a hospital, a hotel, and a group home</p><br>
<p>713-721 St. Nicholas Avenue (Hugh M. Reynolds, 1890–1891) - Row houses in the Victorian Romanesque Revival style</p><br>
<p>718-730 St. Nicholas Avenue (Arthur Bates Jennings, 1889–1890) - A Romanesque Revival row</p><br>
<p>729 and 731 St. Nicholas Avenue (Theodore Minot Clark, 1886–1886) - two houses faced in Manhattan schist and shingles</p><br>
<p>757-775 St. Nicholas Avenue (Frederick P. Dinkelberg, 1894–1895) - A Renaissance Revival style row which is said to be "among the finest in the district."</p><br>
<p>409 Edgecombe Avenue Apartments (Schwartz & Gross, 1916–1817) - Originally the Colonial Parkway Apartments. Home to Babe Ruth as an infant, Aaron Douglas, Thurgood Marshall, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Jules Bledsoe.</p><br>
<p>555 Edgecombe Avenue. Several noted big band leaders lived here in the 1940s including Count Basie, Andy Kirk, Don Redman, Erskine Hawkins, Benny Carter and Cootie Williams.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Leslie Uggams Show featured a "Sugar Hill" sketch throughout its one-year run in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Sugarhill Gang, the first rap group with a single in the Top 40, took their name from the neighborhood; the band members were actually all from Englewood, New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The 1974 film Claudine, starring Diahann Carroll and James Earl Jones was filmed in the Sugar Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The 1994 film Sugar Hill, about drug dealers in Harlem, stars Wesley Snipes.</p><br>
<p>Sugar Hill is mentioned in the lyrics to the jazz standard "Take the A Train" by Billy Strayhorn.</p><br>
<p>It is also referred to by rapper AZ&#39;s "Sugar Hill" on his album Doe or Die.</p><br>
<p>Henry "Red" Allen recorded "Sugar Hill Function", written by Charlie Holmes, on February 18, 1930.</p><br>
<p>There is also a song by Rex Stewart and his Fifty-Second Street Stompers &ndash; one of the four Duke Ellington small groups &ndash; called "Sugar Hill Shim-Sham", which was recorded on July 7, 1937.</p><br>
<p>The 1978 film Cindy, a modern retelling of Cinderella set in Harlem, includes a scene at the Sugar Hill Ball.</p><br>
<p>Mount Gulian is a reconstructed 18th century Dutch manor house on the Hudson River in the town of Fishkill, New York, United States of America. The original house served as the</p><br>
<p>headquarters of Major General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben during the American Revolutionary War and was the place where the Society of the Cincinnati was founded. The site is registered as a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archeological studies indicate intermittent Native Americans presence since 6,000 BC. The land on which the house stands was purchased from the Wappinger Native Americans by two fur traders, Francis Rombout and Gulian Verplanck on August 8, 1683. In exchange for 85,000 acres (344 square kilometers) of land, they paid about 1,250 dollars in goods. The Rombout Patent which formally granted the land to Francis Rombout and Gulian Verplanck was issued by King James II of England on October 17, 1685. After Gulian Verplanck&#39;s death, his estate was eventually divided among his heirs.</p><br>
<p>Gulian Verplanck II, a merchant from New York City, received 2,880 acres, 400 of which were on a slope overlooking the Hudson River. He named his estate Mount Gulian, in honor of his grandfather and had the first house on the site built between 1730 and 1740. The building was a small structure with an A-roof. Archaeological evidence suggests it was probably enlarged around 1767 and the characteristic gambrel roof as well as two porches were added between this year and the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>During this war, Gulian Verplanck&#39;s son Samuel stayed at the house, while his wife Judith Crommelin remained at the family mansion at 3 Wall Street, New York City. In early 1783 Major General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben made Mount Gulian his headquarters. At the same time, George Washington had his headquarters in Hasbrouck House, Newburgh on the opposite side of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of May 13, 1783, a group of officers of the Continental Army met at Mount Gulian to found the Society of the Cincinnati. Mount Gulian is the headquarters of the Society&#39;s New York State branch. In 1803, upon the death of Judith Commerlin Verplanck, the family mansion at 3 Wall Street was closed and much of its furnishings moved to Mount Gulian. The building was extended by in 1804 by Daniel Crommelin Verplanck, the grandson of Gulian Verplanck II, who also laid out the garden. When Marquis de Lafayette visited the house on his return to America in 1824, he stayed in the new addition.</p><br>
<h3>James Brown</h3><br>
<p>James Brown was born into slavery in Fredericktown, Maryland in 1793, and escaped via the Underground Railroad to New York City, where found work as a waiter at the Verplancks mansion on Wall St. A story handed down in the Verplanck family relates that a dinner guest recognized Brown as an escaped slave, and notified the owner in Maryland. According to William E. Verplanck, "This made necessary the redemption of James." The master was paid off and Brown was hired by the Verplancks as a coachman in Manhattan. He learned to read and write, most likely taught by Mary Anna Verplanck, eldest daughter of Daniel C. Verplanck. Brown was employed as the master gardener at Mount Gulian from 1826 to 1864. In September 1826, he returned to Maryland and purchased his wifes freedom with money he had saved while working up north. Around 1826 James Brown began to keep a detailed journal of everyday life, one of the very few journals of daily life as experienced by a black person anywhere in the North.</p><br>
<p>In 1849 construction of the Hudson River Railroad cut off access to the Verplanck boat and bathhouse at the end of the property at the shoreline.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The original mansion was destroyed in a fire laid by an arsonist in 1931. After this, the ruin of the house was left unattended until 1966, when Bache Bleecker, a descendant of the Verplanck family, and his wife Connie founded the Mount Gulian Society, as a nonprofit, private organization. The goal of the society was restoration of Mount Gulian which was completed in 1975. The restoration reconstructed the house to the state it was in when it served as von Steuben&#39;s headquarters. Later additions were not included in the restoration.</p><br>
<p>Since then, the building has been accessible to the public as a museum. The interior contains artifacts related to the Verplanck family. Also on the site is an 18th-century Dutch barn, which was moved to this location from Hopewell Junction. The museum is open from April through October.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The street address of the Mount Gulian mansion is 145 Sterling Street, Beacon, NY 12508, USA.</p><br>
<p>Willow Beach Gauging Station is a gauging station located within Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The Willow Beach Gauging Station was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The cables, catwalk, trail and gauging station that are listed in the register are located on the Colorado River north of Willow Beach between Lake Mead and Lake Mohave. The gauging station was built in 1931 to measure the flow downstream from Hoover Dam.</p><br>
<p>The station is on the Nevada side of the river. Access is from the river or from a tramway on the Arizona side of the river.</p><br>
<p>Originally a trolley car suburb in the years just before the dawn of the 20th century, the Fairmount neighborhood in Church Hill, Richmond, Virginia, is located just north of Union Hill. Much of the neighborhood was developed from the 1890s to the 1920s, and its buildings largely reflect Queen Anne, Italianate, and 1920s bungalow architecture. What is likely the oldest remaining residence, a frame house, probably dates from before 1870. A notable property in the Fairmount neighborhood is the Fairmount School. Annexed from Henrico County in 1906, Fairmount was first incorporated as an independent town on March 10, 1902 .</p><br>
<p>The boundaries are roughly east of Mosby Street, north of Carrington, west of 24th/25th Streets, and towards Fairfield Avenue. Across Fairmount Avenue, it is the bulk of the area east of the Brauers neighborhood and west of 24th.</p><br>
<p>In February 2008, the Fairmount Historic District was officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The City of Richmond has made available and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources has released, an.</p><br>
<p>Kyle Ranch or Kiel Ranch, was one of the earliest ranches established in Nevadas Las Vegas Valley. Founded by Conrad Kiel in 1875, today the location of the former ranch is in North Las Vegas, where the city maintains the remnants of the site as the "Kiel Ranch Historic Park." The original adobe structure, one of the oldest buildings in Las Vegas, a wooden shed known as the "Doll House," and the cemetery are all that remain after loss of buildings through fire and neglect. Also within the park is an artesian well and a small wetlands, a reminder of what drew travelers and early settlers to the area . Presently the ranchs location is memorialized with.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1855, with the intention of creating a base of location for Mormon settlers, William Bringhurst and other Mormon missionaries started their foray into the Las Vegas Valley. Basic infrastructure was built in the months and years that followed, including a fort (extant portions of which are preserved at the Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park) and rudimentary irrigation trenches. Despite their efforts, however, by 1857, the Mormons who settled in the area left the valley due to various reasons, including a drought and the impending Utah War.</p><br>
<p>Nevertheless, the infrastructure that the Mormon missionaries built resulted in non-Mormon migrants moving the area, including Octavius Decatur Gass, who was one of Conrad Kiel’s friends. Gass established his ranch at the site of the Mormon fort, and ended up becoming a successful trader and rancher. Kiel eventually followed Gass and built a ranch not far from Gass home in 1875. Kiels land surrounded a natural spring and artesian well, and there he established a 240-acre homestead where he grew citrus trees, apples, and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>In 1884, Archibald Stewart, an early pioneer in the area, was killed in a gunfight on the ranch. Stewart&#39;s wife, Helen J. Stewart, would go on to be an influential citizen of Las Vegas. Several years later, in 1900, Ed Kiel and William Kiel, then owners of the ranch, were found shot to death in what was believed (at the time) to be a murder-suicide. The bodies were exhumed in the mid-1970s, and it was determined that they had both been murdered.</p><br>
<p>Part of the ranch was sold in 1903 to William A. Clark to build the line for the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, Las Vegas banker John S. Park purchased the ranch and built a mansion known as the White House. Subsequent owners included Edwin Taylor (1924–39), whose cowboy ranch hands competed in national rodeos, and Edwin and Bette Losee (1939–58), who developed the Boulderado Guest Ranch here, a popular residence for divorce seekers during Nevadas heyday as a place to reside while waiting to get an easy divorce under the states liberal laws.</p><br>
<h3>Site preservation</h3><br>
<p>A 26 acre portion of the original ranch site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. At the time, it included five contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>By 1976, a portion of the ranch (which included its main buildings) was purchased jointly by the City of North Las Vegas and its Bicentennial Committee, and a restoration of the site was planned. The restoration plans of 1970s fell through, and the city was criticized at times for allowing the site to fall into disrepair and for a 1992 fire, which destroyed the ranchs White House mansion. Later, the city sold off all but 7 acre of the ranch land to build an industrial park. In 2006, there were concerns over water runoff from the spring and wetlands flowing into the industrial park. The citys plan to destroy more of the site to divert the water was met with opposition. The ranch site was also used as a dump by the city potentially destroying much of its value as an archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>By 2010, the city had committed to preserving what was left at the site. A historic park, which includes the few extant parts of the ranch, was opened on June 30, 2016.</p><br>
<h3>Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>The ranch included a cemetery, which was formerly located at the corner of Carey Avenue and Commerce Street; this part of the ranch was not sold to the city in the 1970s. In 1975, anthropologists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) exhumed the bodies from the cemetery. This had been done at the request of the city, as it desired to move the remains onto the city-owned property and properly mark the graves with headstones. Five bodies in total were removed and taken to UNLV to be studied. There they remained for nearly 45 years, until they were reburied in the historic park during December 2019. Initially delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a ceremony to dedicate the graves was held on Veterans Day, November 11, 2022.</p><br>
<p>The CCC Shelter, also known as the Combination Shelter, is a historic park shelter located at Pokagon State Park in Jamestown Township, Steuben County, Indiana. It is a stone and wood building and was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935/36. Although a low, wide roof gives some protection against rain and snow, the shelter is open on its longer west and east sides. The north and south ends of the structure feature tall fireplaces built with large stones found within the park, individually hewn by the CCC workers.</p><br>
<p>The shelter is now used for various programs such as the annual Autumn Storytelling or for renting cross-country skis in the winter.</p><br>
<p>Many other buildings within Pokagon State Park were constructed by the CCC during their stay from 1934 to 1942, including the Gate House (1936), Spring Shelter (1937), and the Saddle Barn (1938), and the first incarnations of the tobaggon run.</p><br>
<p>The CCC Shelter was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Twickenham Historic District was the first historic district designated in Huntsville, Alabama, USA. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1973, with a boundary increase on May 26, 2015. The name derives from an early name for the town of Huntsville, named after Twickenham, England, by LeRoy Pope. It features homes in the Federal and Greek Revival architectural styles introduced to the city by Virginia-born architect George Gilliam Steele about 1818, and contains the most dense concentration of antebellum homes in Alabama.</p><br>
<p>The 1819 Weeden House Museum, home of female artist and poet Maria Howard Weeden, is open to the public, as are other sites in the district.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures</h2><br>
<p>Helion Lodge 1 — 409 Lincoln Street, original building erected 1820; current building started in 1911. Home of a Masonic group that is the oldest in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Van Wyck Homestead Museum or Van Wyck-Wharton House  is an early 18th-century Dutch colonial house in the Town of Fishkill, New York, United States of America. It served as a headquarters to a major military supply depot during the American Revolutionary War and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since April 13, 1972; the adjoining Fishkill Supply Depot Site has been listed on the NRHP since January 21, 1974. It is located on US 9 just south of Interstate 84. Excavations during the construction of a nearby gas station and the Dutchess Mall in the early 1970s unearthed many artifacts at the site, particularly materiel.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The Van Wycks were an aristocratic family originally from Holland who were a prominent part of Dutchess County history. Members of the Van Wyck family served in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, and also held both local and national political positions.</p><br>
<p>In 1732, Cornelius Van Wyck (1694–1761), a surveyor, built a house with three rooms on 959 acres (approximately 3.88 km) of land he had purchased from Catheryna Rombout Brett, the daughter of Francis Rombouts, who was one of the grantees of the original patent to the land in the area issues by King James II of England. Later (before the year 1757) the house was extended and the original structure became the east wing of the enlarged house. Since then, the building has remained a Dutch colonial construction featuring a characteristic central hall with two identical doors.</p><br>
<h2>Revolutionary War and afterward</h2><br>
<p>During the American Revolutionary War, the property was the home of Isaac Van Wyck. However, because of its strategic location with regard to the Hudson River and major roads, the Old Albany Post Road (later US 9) running north–south and the road running east–west (later NY 52 and Interstate 84), it was requisitioned by the Continental Army. The building became the headquarters of the Fishkill Supply Depot, which was created on the orders of George Washington in 1775. The Fishkill Supply Depot was the major logistical center for the Revolutionary War in the north. The depot was a military camp and storage yard which became the main provider of artillery and food for about 4,000 troops stationed in the area to prevent the British forces from passing New York City and capturing the Hudson Valley (the latter a major strategic goal of the British at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War). 70 acres (28 ha) of land surrounding the house were used for a large encampment of over 2,000 soldiers and many facilities such as an artillery park for repairing cannons, a blacksmith shop, barracks, a storehouse, and stables were set up.</p><br>
<p>Thousands of Continental troops, militia, and their families lived at the Depot complex until April 1783. Its position in the Hudson River Valley prevented enemy advances. The depot complex consisted of barracks for thousands of soldiers, officer housing, hospital, magazine, prison, parade grounds, blacksmith shops, stables and store houses. Established by General George Washington and serving at varying times as a headquarters and nexus point for General Israel Putnam, General Alexander McDougall, General Horatio Gates, Alexander Hamilton and General Lafayette, it played an essential role in the Continental Armys victory over British forces. The Depot provided logistic operations for all of George Washingtons operations in the Hudson Valley during the war. According to retired Army colonel James Johnson, a 1969 graduate of the USA Military Academy and a former West Point military history professor, the food, clothing and armaments the depot provided to Washington&#39;s soldiers helped them keep the redcoats from gaining control of the strategic Hudson Highlands.</p><br>
<p>It served as headquarters to General Israel Putnam and was visited by revolutionary leaders such as George Washington, the Marquis de Lafayette, Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Alexander McDougall, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. Inside the house, courts-martial were held in the homes parlor. Although under British surveillance, the Depot was never attacked, hundreds died there of wounds, hypothermia, dysentery, and smallpox. Periods of starvation were also endured by troops during the Depots seven years of service. It is the largest burial ground of American Revolutionary War soldiers identified in the United States.</p><br>
<p>A walnut tree, which stood in front of the house until 1898 when it was toppled by a storm, served as a whipping tree for punishing soldiers. An iron claw which was attached to the tree for this purpose was recovered from the tree and is now on display in the house. The mock trial of Enoch Crosby, who had infiltrated a loyalist group and is considered as the first secret agent of the United States, was held in the building. The house is therefore the likely setting for James Fenimore Coopers novel, "The Spy" which is based on Enoch Crosbys story. The Van Wyck house also served as the Quartermaster Department in charge of clothing the troops. In addition to its military functions, it also housed the printing press for the newspaper "New York Packet", which was relocated to the Van Wyck homestead from British-occupied New York City. Besides the newspaper, orders for the Army were also printed and the newspaper&#39;s publisher, Samuel Loudon, was appointed Postmaster for the State of New York with Fishkill becoming the first official New York State Post Office.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolutionary War, the house was given back to the Van Wyck family and remained the family&#39;s home until the suicide of Sidney Van Wyck in 1882. Following the death of Sidney Van Wyck, two more families, the Hustis and the Snook families, owned the property. For a time, a tea room was operated in the house and was frequented by Eleanor Roosevelt when she was on her way to her estate in Hyde Park, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Recent years</h2><br>
<p>With the construction of I-84 and its exit ramps in the immediate vicinity of the homestead, the Snook family donated the house and 1 acre to the Fishkill Historical Society, which was founded in 1962 to preserve the house from demolition and has since continued to restore and to operate it as a museum. However, much of the Depot site was developed in the 1970s, causing the loss of many artifacts from the period.</p><br>
<p>The Van Wyck Homestead is the last remaining structure of the supply depot, which now contains a vast Continental Army Burial Complex. The 70 acre to the east and west of the homestead, including the exit ramps from I-84, were added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Fishkill Depot Supply Site on January 21, 1974. In 2007, a team of archaeologists using ground penetrating radar discovered hundreds of graves at the southern end of the property. Friends of the Fishkill Supply Depot and United States Senator Charles Schumer are leading a project to save the site under the Battlefield Protection Act and to create a National Park on the site.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 developer Domenic Broccoli proposed taking eight acres of land to develop Continental Commons, an "18th century colonial village,".</p><br>
<p>Lance Ashworth, president of Friends of the Fishkill Supply Depot, asserted that this development would "destroy an authentic historical site for the sake of building a cheap replica." He noted that Broccoli told the town planning board he wants to include an International House of Pancakes location as part of the complex. A spokesperson for Broccoli responded that the IHOP would not be located on actual burial grounds. IHOP said that no plans for a restaurant at that location has been approved.</p><br>
<h3>Archeological site</h3><br>
<p>Most of the area of the Fishkill Supply Depot was developed for the Dutchess Mall, which opened in 1974. During the construction of the mall and archaeological excavations on the site many artifacts, such as cannonballs, muskets, utensils, and uniform buttons have been unearthed and the Fishkill Historical Society holds about 10,000 pieces. It is also believed, that many soldiers of the Continental Army who died in battle or from smallpox are buried in the area, but the location of the burials remains unknown.</p><br>
<p>For that reason, the same year the mall opened the National Park Service, which oversees the National Register, separately added the 70 acre south of I-84 and bisected by Route 9 to the Register as the Fishkill Supply Depot Site. Much of that land, particularly on the east of the home, remains undeveloped and unexcavated, awaiting future investigation.</p><br>
<p>Carpenters Hall, in Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the official birthplace of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and a key meeting place in the early history of the United States. Completed in 1775, the two-story brick meeting hall was built for and is still privately owned by the Carpenters Company of the City and County of Philadelphia, the country&#39;s oldest extant craft guild.</p><br>
<p>The First Continental Congress met at the building in 1774 and passed and signed the Continental Association. In June 1776, it was where the Pennsylvania Provincial Conference officially declared the Province of Pennsylvania&#39;s independence from the British Empire and established the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, mobilized the Pennsylvania militia for the American Revolutionary War, set up the machinery for the Pennsylvania Provincial Convention from July 15 to September 28 in 1776, which framed the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 and enabled the Declaration of Independence to be written and ultimately adopted. It was briefly occupied in 1777 by the British Army during the war.</p><br>
<p>The site was designated a National Historic Landmark on April 15, 1970. On November 30, 1982, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission succeeded in passing Pennsylvania General Assembly 166(R) HR180 to recognize "Carpenters&#39; Hall as the official birthplace of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania".</p><br>
<p>The building is free to enter and receives 120,000 visitors per year. Numerous dignitaries have visited Carpenters&#39; Hall, including Supreme Court of the United States Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden, Czech Republic President Václav Havel, Latvian President Guntis Ulmanis, Texas governor and future USA President George W. Bush, and Governor of Pennsylvania Tom Ridge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land on which Carpenters Hall is built was purchased on behalf of the Carpenters Company of Philadelphia in 1768 by Benjamin Loxley, Robert Smith, and Thomas Nevell. The hall was designed by Robert Smith in the Georgian style based on both the town halls of Scotland, where Smith was born, and the villas of Palladio in Italy. On April 23, 1773, which was Saint George&#39;s Day, it was used for the founding meeting of the St. George Society of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>The First Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies of North America met at Carpenters Hall from September 5 to October 26, 1774, as the Pennsylvania State House, later renamed Independence Hall, was being used by the moderate Provincial Assembly of Pennsylvania. It was here that Congress resolved to ban further imports of slaves and to discontinue the slave trade within the colonies, a step toward phasing out slavery in British North America.</p><br>
<p>It also passed and signed the Continental Association. In June, 1776, it was where the Pennsylvania Provincial Conference officially declared the Province of Pennsylvania&#39;s independence from the British Empire and established the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, mobilized the Pennsylvania militia for the American Revolutionary War, set up the machinery for the Pennsylvania Provincial Convention from July 15 to September 28 in 1776, which framed the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 and enabled the Declaration of Independence to be written and ultimately adopted. It was briefly occupied in 1777 by the British Army during the war.</p><br>
<p>The meeting hall served as a hospital for both British and American troops in the American Revolutionary War, and other Philadelphia institutions have held meetings in Carpenters Hall, including Ben Franklins Library Company of Philadelphia, the American Philosophical Society, and the First and Second Banks of the United States.</p><br>
<p>Carpenters Hall was the site of the 1798 Bank of Pennsylvania heist.</p><br>
<p>The federal Custom House in Philadelphia was located at Carpenters&#39; Hall between 1802 and 1819, except for a brief interruption between January and April, 1811.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Carpenters&#39; Hall was declared a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>On November 30, 1982, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission passed Pennsylvania General Assembly 166(R) HR180 to recognize Carpenters&#39; Hall as the official birthplace of Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 2022, a fire in the basement of the building was suspected to be arson; at the time, the building was closed for renovations.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and design</h2><br>
<p>The Carpenters Company was founded in 1724, but had no meeting house of their own, resorting to rented tavern rooms for their meetings. Carpenters Company members finally selected a new building site in 1768 on Chestnut Street, a few hundred feet from Benjamin Franklin&#39;s home. Robert Smith submitted the plans for the design, but did not supervise the construction of the hall. The decision to proceed with construction was made January 30, 1770. Construction was completed in August 1774.</p><br>
<h2>Inscription</h2><br>
<p>Over the south door of Carpenters&#39; Hall reads the following inscription:</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is an Episcopal church in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1695 as a parish of the Church of England, it played an integral role in the founding of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. In 1785, its rector, William White, became the first Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christ Church was founded in 1695 by members of the Church of England, who built a small wooden church on the site by the next year. In 1700, Evan Evans traveled from Wales to become their rector.</p><br>
<p>When the congregation outgrew the original building twenty years after its construction, they decided to erect a new church, the most sumptuous in the Thirteen Colonies. The main body of the church was constructed between 1727 and 1744, and the steeple was added in 1754, making it the tallest building in the future United States, at 196 ft. Christ Church is considered one of the nation&#39;s most beautiful surviving 18th-century structures, a monument to colonial craftsmanship and a handsome example of Georgian architecture. Modeled on the work in London of Christopher Wren, The church was rebuilt in 1777 by Robert Smith, and the interior was altered in 1883 by Thomas Ustick Walter.</p><br>
<p>The baptismal font in which William Penn was baptized is still in use at Christ Church; it was sent to Philadelphia in 1697 from All Hallows-by-the-Tower in London. Another baptismal font and the communion table were crafted by Philadelphia cabinetmaker Jonathan Gostelowe, who served on the vestry in the 1790s.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church&#39;s congregation included 15 signers of the Declaration of Independence. American Revolutionary War leaders who attended Christ Church include George Washington, Robert Morris, Benjamin Franklin and Betsy Ross (after she had been read out of the Quaker meeting house to which she belonged for marrying John Ross, son of an assistant rector at Christ Church).</p><br>
<p>Brass plaques mark the pews where these individuals once sat. At the convening of the First Continental Congress in September 1774, Rector Jacob Duché was summoned to Carpenters&#39; Hall to lead the opening prayers. During the war, the Reverend William White (1748–1836), rector of Christ Church, served as Chaplain to both the Continental Congress and the United States Senate.</p><br>
<p>In September 1785, clerical and lay deputies from several states met in Christ Church and organized as a general convention, of which White was chosen president. He prepared a draft constitution for the church as well as an address to the archbishops and bishops of the Church of England, asking for the episcopate at their hands. White was also largely responsible for the liturgy and offices of the first American Book of Common Prayer, published in 1789, which were to be submitted to Church of England authorities. At the convention of the Diocese of Pennsylvania in 1786, he was elected its first bishop and sailed for England with Dr. Samuel Provoost of New York, seeking consecration. After passage of a special enabling act by Parliament, White and Provoost were consecrated in early 1787 by the archbishops of Canterbury and York.</p><br>
<p>Bishop White returned to Philadelphia that Easter Sunday. In 1789, under Whites direction, the first meeting of the House of Bishops was held at Christ Church, marking the first true General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. White was the first Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania and served the congregations of Christ Church and St. Peters Church for decades. White is buried in the church&#39;s chancel.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is a National Historic Landmark and a unique historic site that continues its original function as an Episcopal parish. More than 250,000 tourists visit the church each year.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Several notable people are buried in the church and adjacent churchyard, including:</p><br>
<p>Jacob Broom (1752–1810), signer of the United States Constitution from Delaware</p><br>
<p>Pierce Butler (1744-1822), signer of the United States Constitution from South Carolina</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson (1739–1801), poet and writer</p><br>
<p>John Forbes (1710–1759), British commander during the French and Indian War, who captured Fort Duquesne, was an advocate for Native Americans, and named the city of Pittsburgh</p><br>
<p>Andrew Hamilton (1676–1741), lawyer known as "The Philadelphia Lawyer"</p><br>
<p>Charles Lee (1731–1782), Continental Army major general during the American Revolutionary War</p><br>
<p>Robert Morris (1734–1806), signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the USA Constitution</p><br>
<p>John Penn (1729–1795), governor and proprietor of the Province of Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>James Wilson (1742–1798), signer of the Declaration of Independence and USA Constitution, and USA Supreme Court associate justice</p><br>
<p>William White (1748–1836), rector of Saint Peter Church and Christ Church, first Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania, and first and fourth Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Other notable people are buried at nearby Christ Church Burial Ground, which is associated with Christ Church, including Benjamin Franklin and four other signers of the Declaration of Independence.</p><br>
<p>3g10298 GeneralWashingtonatChristChurc.jpgGeneral Washington at Christ Church, a portrait of George Washington by J.L.G. Ferris</p><br>
<p>Second Street north from Market Birchs Views Plate 15.jpgPlate 15 from Birchs Views of Philadelphia, painted in 1800</p><br>
<p>Christ Church, Philadelphia, Pa.jpgChrist Church, Philadelphia, an 1811 portrait by William Strickland</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Philadelphia 1876.jpgChrist Church</p><br>
<p>Christ Church (interior). Philadelphia, Penna, by Cremer, James, 1821-1893.pngInterior from Christ Churchs balcony</p><br>
<p>Our Philadelphia (Pennell, 1914) p057.jpgChrist Church Interior, by Joseph Pennell; Gostelowe&#39;s baptismal font is in the foreground.</p><br>
<p>VIEW OF NAVE INTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST - Christ Church, 22-26 North Second Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA HABS PA,51-PHILA,7-30.tifInterior from balcony</p><br>
<h2>Other notable events</h2><br>
<p>John Inglis was baptized here in September 1744. John Harris Jr. was baptized here on September 22, 1728.</p><br>
